Oversampling is commonly encountered in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems to ease various performance characteristics. In this paper, we investigate the performance and complexity of one tap zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalizers in oversampled OFDM systems. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that oversampling not only reduces the noise at equalizer output but also helps mitigate ill effects of spectral nulls. One tap equalizers therefore yield improved symbol-error-rate (SER) performance with the increase in oversampling rate, but at the expense of increased system bandwidth and modest complexity requirements.
KeywordsOne Tap EqualizationOversamplingOrthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingInverse Fast Fourier Transform
van Nee, R. and Prasad, R. (2000) OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications. Artech House.
Rohling, H., Ed. (2011) OFDM: Concepts for Future Communication Systems. 1st Edition, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17496-4
(2000) Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Framing Structure, Channel Coding and Modulation for Digital Terrestrial Television. 1st Edition, ETSI, EN 300 744.
(2000) Radio Broadcasting Systems: Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to Mobile, Portable and Fixed Receivers. 1st Edition, ETSI, EN 300 401.
(1997) Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Metallic Interface. ANSI, ANSI/TEI/9J-007.
Lin, H. (2015) Flexible Configured OFDM for 5G Air Interface. IEEE Access, 3, 1861-1870. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2480749
(2012) 950 MHz-Band Telemeter, Tele Control and Data Transmission Radio Equipment for Specified Low Power Radio Station, ARIB std-t108 ver. 1.0 ed. Association of Radio Industries and Business.
Park, M. (2013) IEEE 802.11ah Specification Framework Document, Version 14, DCN IEEE 802.11-13/0014r0.
Yang, L. and Armstrong, J. (2010) Oversampling to Reduce the Effect of Timing Jitter on High Speed OFDM Systems. IEEE Communications Letters, 14, 196-198. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2010.03.091963
Umar, S., Priya, N., Gayathri, P, Subba Reddy, T. and Abdul, A.M. (2018) Design of Jitter Spectral Shaping as Robust with Various Oversampling Techniques in OFDM. In: Satapathy, S., Bhateja, V. and Das, S. Eds., Smart Computing and Informatics, Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, Springer, Singapore, 77.
van Nee, R., and de Wild, A. (1998) Reducing the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of OFDM. Proc. 48th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. Pathway to Global Wireless Revolution (Cat. No.98CH36151), Ottawa, Ont., 2072-2076.
Dinis, R. and Gusmao, A. (1999) On the Performance Evaluation of OFDM Transmission Using Clipping Techniques. Proceedings of IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC), 2923-2928.
Jayalath, A.D.S. and Athaudage, C.R.N. (2004) On the PAR Reduction of OFDM Signals Using Multiple Signal Representation. IEEE Communications Letters, 8, 425-427. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2004.832767
Ochiai, H. and Imai, H. (2001) On the Distribution of the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio in OFDM Signals. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 49, 282-289. https://doi.org/10.1109/26.905885
Schulze, H. and Lüders, C. (2005) Theory and Applications of OFDM and CDMA Wideband Wireless Communications. John Wiley Sons Ltd., England. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470017406
Saul, A. and Auer, G. (2005) Improving the Performance of Clipping Techniques for OFDM Systems by Guard Bands. Proceedings of 10th International OFDM Workshop 2005 (InOWo), Hamburg, Germany, 31 August-1 September 2005.
Saedi, H., Sharif, M. and Marvasti, F. (2002) Clipping Noise Cancelation in OFDM Systems Using Oversampled Signal Reconstruction. IEEE Communications Letters, 6, 73-75. https://doi.org/10.1109/4234.984699
Ali-Hemmati, R., Azmi, P., Seyfe, B. and Shikh-Bahaei, K. (2008) Iterative Cancellation of Clipping Noise in Multilevel Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Multi-Carrier CDMA System. IET Communications, 2, 300-305. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com:20070033
Yang, L., Song, K. and Siu, Y.M. (2017) Iterative Clipping Noise Recovery of OFDM Signals Based on Compressed Sensing. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 63, 706-713. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2017.2669641
Wang, Y.-C. and Luo, Z.-Q. (2011) Optimized Iterative Clipping and Filtering for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 59, 33-37. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2010.102910.090040
Balevi, E. and Ylmaz, A. (2016) Analysis of Frequency Domain Oversampled MMSE SC-FDE. IEEE Communications Letters, 20, 232-235. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2015.2504927
Fraser, D. (1989) Interpolation by FFT Revisited—An Experimental Investigation. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 37, 665-675.
Wang, Z. and Giannakis, G.B. (2000) Wireless Multicarrier Communications. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 17, 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1109/79.841722
Mark, J.W. and Zhuang, W. (2003) Wireless Communications and Networking. 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Proakis, J.G. (2004) Digital Communications. 4th Edition, McGraw Hill International Editions, New York, NY.
Zou, W. and Wu, Y. (1995) COFDM: An Overview. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 41, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/11.372015
Xia, X. (2001) Precoded and Vector OFDM Robust to Channel Spectral Nulls and with Reduced Cyclic Prefix Length in Single Transmit Antenna Systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 49, 1363-1374. https://doi.org/10.1109/26.939855
Ochiai, H. and Imai, H. (2002) Performance Analysis of Deliberately Clipped OFDM Signals. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 50, 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1109/26.975762
Bauml, R.W., Fischer, R.F.H. and Huber, J.B. (1996) Reducing the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of Multicarrier Modulation by Selected Mapping. Electronics Letters, 32, 2056-2057. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19961384
Lu, Q., Gui, L. and Fang, X.-Z. (2006) A New Scheme to Mitigate OFDM High PAR Problem by Minimizing the Signal’s Nonlinear Distortion Caused by HPA. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 52, 576-578. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2006.884733