Geological Study of Dasht-e-Top Sedimentary Basin, Wardak Province, Afghanistan
- 1 Department of Geology, Geoscience Faculty, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan
- 2 Department of Geology, Geoscience Faculty, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan
- 3 Department of Geology, Geoscience Faculty, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan
Abstract
This study is conducted to investigate the occurrence of various geological features, and to study the geology and soil characteristics of the study area. To achieve the objective of this research collection , different samples from different locations in study area were collected, analyzed in laboratory, and the results are compared with each other. The main rock types found in the study area were metamorphic rock (Gneiss) and igneous rock (Granite), and the main soil types found were Loam, sandy and silty soils with different soil structures (e.g. crumbling, platy, single grain, granular and prismatic). Calcium carbonate, Iron oxides and different sizes of sediments were also seen in the soil profile, where the size of sediments w ere changing as it was course size sediments and gravels near the mountain range and as going far from the mountain it was changed to fine size sediments like sand, silt and clay. The river terraces present in the area co ver different geological structures such as angular and erosional unconformities, thinning out of strata and potholes. The mountain range surrounded the study area contains different observable tectonic structures such as anticline, syncline, vines (dyke, sill and apophasis). Furthermore, different types of valleys also existed in this area.
- Anthony, E.J. and Héquette, A. (2007) The Grain-Size Characterization of Coastal Sand from the Somme Estuary to Belgium: Sediment Sorting Processes and Mixing in a Tide- and Storm-Dominated Setting. Sedimentary Geology, 202, 369-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.03.022
- Coe, A.L. (2003) The Sedimentary Records of Sea Level Change. British Library, 46.
- Ball, M.M. (2003) Carbonate Sand Bodies of Florida and Bahamas. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 37, 556-591.
- Belhassan, K. (2020) Hydrogeology of the Ribaa-Bittit Springs in the Mikkes Basin (Morocco). International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Science, 9, 7-15.
- Belhassan, K. (2020) Relationship between River and Groundwater: Water Table Piezometry of the Mikkes Basin (Morocco). International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Science, 9, 1-6.
- Broshears, R.E., Akbari, M.A., Chornack, M.P., Mueller, D.K. and Ruddy, B.C. (2005) Inventory of Ground-Water Resources in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey. Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5090, 34 p. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055090
- Bohannon, R.G. and Turner, K.J. (2007) Geologic Map of Quadrangle 3468, Chak Wardak-Syahgerd (509) and Kabul (510) Quadrangles, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey. Open-File Report 2005-1107-A. 1 Sheet.
- Bohannon, R.G. (2005) Geologic Map of Quadrangle 3468, Chak-e-Wardak (509) and Kabul (510) Quadrangles: Afghan Open-File Report (509/510) 2005-1001.
- Colella, A. and di Geronimo, I. (1998) Surface Sediments and Macro Fanas of the Grati Submarine Fan (Ionian Sea, Italy) Sedimentary Geology. 77.
- Elliott, T. (1999) Deltas. In: Reading, H.G., Ed., Sedimentary Environments and Facies, 2nd Edition, Blackwell Scientific Pub., Oxford, 154.
- Arian, H., Kayastha, R.B., Bhattarai, B.C., Shrestha, A., Rasouli, H. and Armstrong, R. (2015) Application of the Snowmelt Runoff Model in the Salang River Basin, Afghanistan Using MODIS Satellite. Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology, 9, 109-118. https://doi.org/10.3126/jhm.v9i1.15586
- Elliontt, T. (2001) Siliciclastic Shorelines Sedimentary Environments and Facies. 2nd Edition, Blackwell Scientific Pub., Oxford, 85.
- Folk, R.L. (2004) Spectral Division of Limestone Types. In: Hamm, W.E., Ed., Classification of Carbonate Rocks, Memoirs of the American Association of Petroleum Geology, Tulsa, 62-84, 97.