Ground Rupturing Due to Entrapped Air/Gas in the Unconfined Zone
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
Abstract
The sudden and large oscillation of pressure of compressed air/gas entrapped in porous medium due to the changes in the actual pore-fluid pressure, during recharge of water following intense rainfall after a prolonged period of dryness such that the rainfall intensity exceeding infiltration capacity, leads to the generation of hydo-tremors. These hydro-tremors cause ground rupturing, subsidence, developments of cracks in the building, etc. A theoretical model has been presented to estimate the successive values of compressed air/gas pressures due to the successive development of actual pore-fluid pressures and effective stresses during recharge of water of the unconfined zone during the onset of the summer monsoon of 2008 in the northern parts of India.
- J. K. Costain, G. A. Bollinger and J. A. Speer, “Hydro-Seismicity: A Hypothesis for the Role of Water in the Generation of Intraplate Seismicity,” Seismological Research Letter, Vol. 58, 1987, pp. 41-64.
- P. Roth, N. Pavoni and N. Deichmann, “Seismotectonics of the Eastern Swiss Alps and Evidence for Precipitation-Induced Variations of Seismic Activity,” Tectonophysics, Vol. 207, 1992, pp. 183-197.
- H. K. Gupta, “Reservoir-Induced Earthquakes,” Elsevier, New York, 1992.
- M. Manga, “A Model for Discharge in Spring-Dominated Streams and Implications for the Transmissivity and Recharge of Quaternary Volcanics in the Oregon Cascades,” Water Resources Research, Vol. 33, 1997, pp. 1813- 1822.
- M.-J. Jimenez and M. Garcia-Fernandez, “Occurrence of Shallow Earthquakes Following Periods of Intense Rainfall in Tenerife, Canary Islands,” Journal of Volcanology and Geothermic Research, Vol. 103, 2000, pp. 463-468.
- H. Ogasawara, K. Fujimori, N. Koizumi, N. Hirano, S. Fujiwara, S. Otsuka, S. Nakao, K. T. Nishigami, Y. Iio, R. Nishida, K. Oike and Y. Tanaka, “Micro-Seismicity Induced by Heavy Rainfall around Flooded Vertical Ore Veins,” Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 159, 2002, pp. 91-109.
- M. D. Zoback and J. H. Healy, “Friction, Faulting and In-Situ Stress,” Annals of Geophysics, Vol. 2, 1984, pp. 689-698.
- L. W. Wolf, C. A. Rowe and R. B. Horner, “Periodic Seismicity near Mt. Ogden on the Alska-British Columbia Border: A Case for Hydrologically Triggered Earthquakes,” Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, Vol. 87, 1997, pp. 1473-1483.
- Nuth, Mathieu, Laloui and Lyesse, “Effective Stress Concept in Unsaturated Soils: Clarification and Validation of a Unified Framework,” International Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Vol. 32, 2008, pp. 771-801.
- K. Kasahara, “Earthquake Mechanics,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981.