Rare earth elements (REE) in sedimentary rocks are most suitable for source rock characterization. Rare earth element data of the sandstones of the unmetamorphosed Meso-Neoproterozoic Chhattisgarh and Indravati basins and the metamorphosed Paleoproterozoic Sakoli and Saucer basins of the Bastar craton have been studied for source rock characterization. The quartzites have higher ∑R EE mean value (145 ppm) compared to the sandstones (34 ppm). The REE patterns of all the three formations of the Chandarpur Group of the Chhattisgarh basin and the Tiratgarh Formation of the Indravati basin are uniform and there are no systematic differences in REE patterns among different formations of the Chandarpur Group and the Tiratgarh Formation. The REE patterns of the quartzites are similar to the REE patterns of the sandstones. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns with LREE enrichment and a strong negative Eu anomaly of the sandstones and quartzites gives a broad hint about felsic source rocks. The source rocks are identified as Archean granite and gneiss of the Bastar craton. The REE mixing modeling of the sandstones and quartzites suggest that the exposed the Proterozoic upper crust of the Bastar craton during the sedimentation of the Paleoproterozoic Sakoli and saucerand the Meso-Neoproterozoic Chhattisgarh and Indravati basins of the Bastar craton was largely consisted of gneissic rocks (70%), with a little contribution (20%) from Late Archean (2.5 Ga) granites. The present study does not suggest any significant change in the upper crustal composition during Proterozoic in the Bastar craton.
McLennan, S.M. (1989) Rare Earth Elements in Sedimentary Rocks: Influence of Provenance and Sedimentary Process. Review of Mineralogy, 21, 169-200.
Taylor, S.R. and McLennan, S.M. (1985) The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Blackwell, Oxford.
Bhatia, M.R. and Crook, K.A.W. (1986) Trace Element Characteristics of Greywackes and Tectonic Discrimination of Sedimentary Basins. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 92, 181-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00375292
Condie, K.C. (1993) Chemical Composition and Evolution of the Upper Continental Crust; Contrasting Results from Surface Samples and Shales. Chemical Geology, 104, 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90140-E
Haskin, L.A., Wildeman, T.R., Frey, F.A., Collins, K.A., Keedy, C.R. and Haskin, M.A. (1966) Rare Earths in Sediments. Journal of Geophysical Research, 71, 6091-6105. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ071i024p06091
Nance, W.B. and Taylor, S.R. (1977) Rare Earth Element Pattern and Crustal Evolution—II. Archean Sedimentary Rocks from Kalgoorlie, Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 41, 225-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(77)90229-0
Chaudhri, S. and Cullers, R.L. (1979) The Distribution of Rare-Earth Elements in Deeply Buried Gulf Coast Sediments. Chemical Geology, 24, 327-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(79)90131-1
Rogers, J.J.W. (1986) The Dharwar Craton and the Assembly of Peninsular India. Journal of Geology, 94, 129-143. https://doi.org/10.1086/629019
Radhakrishna, B.P and Naqvi, S.M. (1986) Precambrian Continental Crust of India and Its Evolution. The Journal of Geology, 94, 145-166. https://doi.org/10.1086/629020
Ramakrishnan, M. (1990) Crustal Development in Southern Bastar, Central Indian Craton, Southern. Geological Survey of India Special Publication, 28, 44-66.
Naqvi, S.M. and Rogers, J.J.W. (1987) Precambrian Geology of India. Oxford University Press, New York, 223.
Shastry, B.V. and Dekate, Y.G. (1984) Petrochemistry of the Sakoli and Saucer Metasediments in Southern Part of Balaghat District, Madhya Pradesh. Geological Survey of India, Special Publication, 12, 485-490.
Murthi, K.S. (1987) Stratigraphy and Sedimentation in Chhattisgarh Basin. Geological Society of India, Memoir, 6, 239-260.
Bandyopadhaya, B.K., Roy, A. and Huin, A.K. (1995) Structure and Tectonics of a Part of the Central Indian Shield. Geological Society of India, Memoir, 31, 433-468.
Bhowmik, S.K., Pal, T., Roy A. and Chatterjee, K.K. (1997) Penecontemporaneous Deformation Structures in Relation to Diagenesis of Carbonate-Hosted Manganese Ores: An Example from Polydeformed and Metamorphosed Sausar Belt. Indian Minerals, 51, 149-164.
Ghosh, P.K., Chandy, K.C., Bishui, P.K. and Prasad, R. (1986) Rb-Sr Age of Granitic Gneiss in Malanjkhand Area, Balaghat District, Madhya Pradesh. Indian Minerals, 40, 1-8.
Sarkar, A., Sarkar, G., Paul, D.K. and Mitra, N.D. (1990) Precambrian Geochronology of the Central Indian Shield—A Review. Geological Society of India Special Publication, 28, 453-482.
Sarkar, G., Paul, D.K., deLaeter, J.R., McNaughton, N.J. and Mishra, V.P. (1990b) A Geochemical and Pb, Sr Isotopic Study of the Evolution of Granite Gneisses from the Bastar Craton, Central India. Journal of Geological Society of India, 35, 480-496.
Patranabis Deb, S., Bickford, M.E., Hill, B., Chaudhuri, A.K. and Basu, A. (2007) SHRIMP Ages of Zircon in the Uppermost Tuff in Chattisgarh Basin in the Central India ~500-Ma Adjustment in Indian Proterozoic Stratigraphy. The Journal of Geology, 115, 407-415. https://doi.org/10.1086/518049
Roy, P., Balaram, V., Kumar, A., Satyanarayanan, M. and Rao, G. (2007) New REE and Trace Element Data on Two International Kimberlitic Reference Materials by ICP-MS. Journal of Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 31, 261-273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2007.00836.x
Sun, S.S. and McDonough, W.F. (1989) Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts: Implications for Mantle Composition and Processes. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 42, 313-345. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19
Cullers, R.L. (1988) Mineralogical and Chemical Changes of Soil and Stream Sediment Formed by Intense Weathering of the Danberg Granite, Georgia, USA. Lithos, 21, 301-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(88)90035-7
Cullers, R.L., Barrent, T., Carlson, R. and Robinson, B. (1987) Rare Earth Element and Mineralogical Changes in Holocene Soil and Stream Sediment: A Case Study in the Wet Mountains, Colorado, USA. Chemical Geology, 63, 275-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(87)90167-7
McLennan, S.M., Hemming, S., McDaniel, D.K. and Hanson, G.N. (1993) Geochemical Approaches to Sedimentation, Provenance and Tectonics. Geological Society of America, Special Publication, 284, 21-40. https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE284-p21
Mondal, M.E.A., Hussain, M.F. and Ahmad, T. (2006) Continental Growth of Bastar Craton, Central Indian Shield during Precambrian via Multiphase Subduction and Lithospheric Extension/Rifting: Evidence from Geochemistry of Gneisses, Granitoids and Mafic Dykes. Journal of Geosciences Japan, 49, 137-151.
Sirivastava, R.K., Singh, R.K. and Verma, S.P. (2004) Neoarchean Mafic Volcanic Rocks from the Southern Bastar Greenstone Belt, Central India: Petrological and Tectonic Significance. Precambrian Research, 131, 305-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2003.12.013
Jahn, B.M. and Condie, K.C. (1995) Evolution of the Kaapvaal Craton as Viewed from Geochemical and Sm-Nd Isotopic Analyses of Intracratonic Pelites. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 2239-2258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00103-7
Rao, V.V.S., Sreenivas, B., Balram, V., Govil, P.K. and Srinivasan, R. (1999) The Nature of the Archean Upper Crust as Revealed by the Geochemistry of the Proterozoic Shales of the Kaladgi Basin, Karnataka Southern India. Precambrian Research, 98, 53-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(99)00038-8
Paikaray, S., Banerjee, S. and Mukherji, S. (2007) Geochemistry of Shales from the Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup: Implications on Provenance, Tectonics and Paleoweathering. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 32, 34-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.10.002
Manikyamba, C., Kerrich, R., Alvarez, I.G., Mathur, R. and Khanna, T.C. (2008) Geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic Black Shales from Intracontimental Cuddapah Basin, India: Implications for Provenance, Tectonic Setting and Weathering Intensity. Precambrian Research, 162, 424-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.10.003