Integrated Geophysical Investigations to Detect the Shallow Subsurface Settings at New Sohag City, Egypt
- 1 National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
- 2 Geophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- 3 National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
- 4 National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
New Sohag City has an area of approximately 1300 acres (546 hectares) and is located within Sohag Governorate limits, about 18 km away from old Sohag City. It is established to reduce the population within the old Sohag city and to create better economic conditions in a new appropriate living environment. The main target of this study is to apply the relevant surface geophysical methods to image the shallow subsurface setting, to define the shallow lithological layers and to locate any geological structures that may be cause cracks in buildings, and any unstable materials, which may decrease the bearing capacity or human activities, hence increasing hazards in the study area. This study embraces, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Shallow Seismic Refraction (SSR), and Ground Penetrating Radar surveys (GPR). The integrated interpretation of all techniques classified the subsurface layers into two layers. A strong reflector separating the upper gravel and calcareous sandy layer from the lower clayey layer. They gave also interesting information about the geotechnical competent of the ground and some structural features in the study area.
- Bishay, Y. (1961) Biostratigraphic Study of the Eocene in the Eastern Desert between Samalut and Assiut by the Large Foraminifera. S N Publisher, Delhi, 7.
- Bishay, Y. (1966) Studies on the Large Foraminifera of the Eocene (The Nile Valley between Assiut and Cairo and SW Sinai). PhD Thesis, Alexandria University, Alexandria.
- Davis, J.L. and Annan, A.P. (1989) Ground Penetrating Radar for High Resolution Mapping of Soil and Rock Stratigraphy. Geophysical Prospecting, 37, 531-551. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1989.tb02221.x
- Dobrin, M.B. (1976) Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting. 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 25-56, 292-336, 568-620.
- Dutta, N.P. (1984) Seismic Refraction Method to Study the Foundation Rock of a Dam. Geophysical Prospecting, 32, 1103-1110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1984.tb00757.x
- Egyptian Geological Survey and Mining Authority (EGSMA) (1989) Geological Map of Upper Egypt.
- El Naggar, Z. (1970) Litho Stratigraphic Subdivision for the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene Succession in the Nile Valley. Paper 64(B-3).
- General Authority for Educational Buildings (2003) The Geotechnical Encyclopedia for Egypt, The General Geotechnical, Topographical, Geomorphological, Geological and Hydrogeological Properties for Egypt. General Authority for Educational Buildings.
- Griffiths, D.H. and Barker, R.D. (1993) Two-Dimensional Resistivity Imaging and Modeling in Areas of Complex Geology. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 29, 224-226.
- Hermina, M. (1989) The Surrounding of Kharga, Dakhla and Farafra Oasis. In: Said, Ed., The Geology of Egypt, Balkena, Rotterdam, 259-292.
- Issawi, B. (1968) The Geology of Kukur-Dungul Area. Paper No. 46, Geological Survey, Cairo.
- Issawi, B. (1972) Review of Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary Stratigraphy in Central and Southern Egypt. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 56, 1448-1463.
- Issawi, B., Hassan, M.W. and Osman, R. (1978) Geological Studies in the Area of Kom Ombo, Eastern Desert, Egypt. AGSE, 8, 187-235.
- Issawi, B. and McCauley, J.F. (1992) The Cenozoic Rivers of Egypt: The Nile Problem. In: Freidman, R. and Adams, B., Eds., The Followers of Horus, Oxford Press, Oxford, 121-138.
- Loke, M.H. (2000) Time-Lapse Resistivity Imaging Inversion. Proceedings of the 5th Meeting of the Environmental and Engineering.