Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent that has been used for decontamination purposes in nu clear industry. The presence of EDTA in decontamination wastes can cause complexation of the cations resulting into interferences in their removal by various treatment processes such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange etc. Further, it might also impart elevated leachability of cationic contaminants from the conditioned wastes immobilized in cement or other matrices and can negatively influence the quality of the final form of waste. In the present study, kinetics of degradation of EDTA (20,000 mg/l) by employing either Photo-Fenton process using UV (15 W λ max = 253.7 nm) or Sono-Fenton process using ultrasound at 130 KHz or simultaneous Sono-Photo Fenton process has been investigated. EDTA is effectively degraded by the synergistic effect of both Photo Fenton and Sono Fenton process. All the above mentioned processes were found to follow a first order kinetics reaction. From the observed pH changes during the oxidation processes, it can be concluded that there is a loss of chelating ability of EDTA. Formation of amides was con - firmed during the degradation processes.
KeywordsAdvanced Oxidation Process (AOP)EDTAFenton’s ReagentSono-Photofenton
Q.-H. Tian and X.-Y. Guo, “Electroless Copper Plating on Microcellular Polyurethane Foam,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Vol. 20, Suppl. 1, 2010, pp. s283-s287. doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(10)60057-X
P. Pitter and V. Sykora, “Biodegradability of Ethylene Diamine-Based Complexing Agents and Related Com pounds,” Chemosphere, Vol. 44, No. 4, 2001, pp. 823-826. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00512-9
D. Li, X. Wu, D. Wang and J. A. Finch, “Selective Removal of Nickel from Iron Substrate by Non-Cyanide Stripper,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 599-602.
B.-L. Lu, Q.-Y. Chen, Z.-L. Yin and H.-P. Hu, “Effects of Na4EDTA and EDTA on Seeded Precipitation of Sodium Aluminate Solution,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Vol. 20, No. z1, 2010, pp. s37-s41.
S. Chitra, S. Chandran, P. Sasidhar, K. B. Lal and R. V. Amalraj, “Biodegradation of Surfactant Bearing Wastes,” Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 11, No. 9,1991, pp. 689-692.
K. Rosikova, J. John, E. Danacikova-Popelova, F. Sebesta and E. W. Hooper, “Study of EDTA Photodegradation,” Proceedings of 4th Institute for International Co operative Environmental Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 1998, pp. 379-385.
M. L. Hinck, J. Ferguson and J. Puhaakka, “Resistance of EDTA and DTPA to Aerobic Biodegradation,” Water Science and Technology, Vol. 35, No. 2-3, 1997, pp. 25-31. doi:10.1016/S0273-1223(96)00911-0
H. J. Brauch and S. V. Schullerer, “EDTA and NTA Beider Trinkwasseraufbereitung,” Vom Wasser, Vol. 69, 1987, pp. 155-164.
S. V. Schullerer and H. J. Brauch, “Oxidative and Ad sorptive Behandlung EDTA and NTA Haltiger Wasser,” Vom Wasser, Vol. 72, 1989, pp. 23-29.
C. P. Huang, D. Cheng and Z. H. Tang, “Advanced Chemical Oxidation: Its Present Role and Potential Future in Hazardous Waste Treatment,” Waste Management, Vol. 13, No. 5-7, 1993, pp. 361-377. doi:10.1016/0956-053X(93)90070-D
E. Gilbert and S. Hoffmann-Glewe, “Ozonation EDTA in Aqueous Solution, Influence of pH Value and Metal Ions,” Water Research, Vol. 24, No. 1, 1990, pp. 39-44. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(90)90062-B
M. Sorensen and F. H. Frimmel, “Photodegradation of EDTA and NTA in the UV/H2O2 Process,” Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, Vol. 50, No. 12, 1995, pp. 1845-1853.
M. D. Tucker, L. L. Barton, B. M. Thomson, B. M. Wagener and A. Aragon, “Treatment of Waste Containing EDTA by Chemical Oxidation,” Waste Management, Vol. 19, No. 7-8, 1999, pp. 477-482. doi:10.1016/S0956-053X(99)00235-4
K. Krapfenbauer and N. Getoff, “Comparative Studies of Photo-and-Radiation-Induced Degradation of Aqueous EDTA. Synergistic Effects of Oxygen, Ozone and TiO2,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 55, No. 4, 1999, pp. 385-393. doi:10.1016/S0969-806X(99)00205-4
Y. Su, Y. Wang, J. L. Daschbach, T. B. Fryberger, M. A. Henderson, J. Janata and C. H. F. Peden, “Gamma Ray Destruction of EDTA Catalyzed by Titania,” Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technology, Vol. 3, 1998, pp. 63-69.
S. Kagaya, Y, Bitoh and K. Hasegawa, “Photocatalyzed Degradation of Metal-EDTA Complexes in TiO2 Aqueous Suspensions and Simultaneous Metal Removal,” Chemical Letters, Vol. 26, No. 2, 1997, pp. 155-156. doi:10.1246/cl.1997.155
J. Ramo and M. Sillanpaa, “Degradation of EDTA by Hydrogen Peroxide in Alkaline Conditions,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2001, pp. 191-195. doi:10.1016/S0959-6526(00)00049-4
American Public Health Association, “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,” New York, 1975.
A. I. Vogel, “Quantitatative Inorganic Analysis,” 3rd Edition, Longman Publishing, London, 1939.
M. Y. Ghaly, H. Georg, M. Roland and R. Haseneder, “Pho tochemical Oxidation of p-Chlorophenol by UV/H2O2 and Photo-Fenton Process. A Comparative Study,” Waste Management, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2001, pp. 41-47. doi:10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00070-2
P. A. Babay, D. A. Batistoni, D. A. Ferreyra, E. A. Gau tier, R. T. Gettar and M. I. Litter, “Kinetics and Mechanisms of EDTA Photocatalytic Degradation with TiO2,” Water Science and Technology, Vol. 44, No. 5, 2001, pp. 179-185.
Y. G. Adewuyi, “Sonochemistry: Environmental Science and Engineering Applications,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 40, No. 22, 2001, pp. 4681-4715. doi:10.1021/ie010096l
B. Yim, H. Okuno, N. Nagata and Y. Maeda, “Sonolysis of Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions: An Accumulation of Solute in the Interfacial Region of the Cavitation Bubbles,” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2002, pp. 209-213. doi:10.1016/S1350-4177(01)00123-7
Y. Suzuki, Warsito, A. Maezawa and S. Uchida, “Effects of Frequency and Aeration Rate on Ultrasonic Oxidation of a Surfactant,” Chemical. Engineering Technology, Vol. 22, No. 6, 1999, pp. 507-510. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4125(199906)22:6 3.0.CO;2-D
R. Parag Gogate and B. Aniruddha Pandit, “A Review of Imperative Technologies for Wastewater Treatment II: Hybrid Methods,” Advances in Environmental Research, Vol. 8, No. 3-4, 2004, pp. 553-597. doi:10.1016/S1093-0191(03)00031-5
P. A. Tatake and A. B. Pandit, “Modelling and Experimental Investigation into Cavity Dynamics and Cavitational Yield: Influence of Multiple Frequency Ultrasound Sources,” Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 57, No. 22, 2002, pp. 4987-4995. doi:10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00271-3
M. Sivakumar, P. A. Tatake and A. B. Pandit, “Kinetics of p-Nitrophenol Degradation: Effect of Reaction Conditions and Cavitational Parameters for a Multiple Frequency System,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 85, No. 2-3, 2002, pp. 327-338. doi:10.1016/S1385-8947(01)00179-6
Y. He, F. Grieser and M. Ashokkumar, “The Mechanism of Sonophotocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange and Its Products in Aqueous Solutions,” Ultrasonics Sono chemistry, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2011, pp. 974-990. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.03.017