Single-Particle Analysis in An Indoor Working Environment in Valencia, Spain
- 1 Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Espa?a
- 2 Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Espa?a
- 3 Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Espa?a
- 4 Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Espa?a
Abstract
Actually is recognized the importance of indoor air environment and associated health risks. In order to evaluate indoor air quality and to characterize the particles in terms of size, composition and shape were done measurements of the suspended particulate matter in a mechanical workshop of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain). These measurements were performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) and image digital analysis. To differentiation of individual particles in the fine- ultrafine fraction, in some case, was used the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Multivariate statistics, such as hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis were appliqued and allowed to establish groups of elements and in this way to facilitate the identification of the natural and anthropogenic sources. It is confirmed that indoor air is influenced by outdoor surroundings and the anthropogenic sources due to the daily activity.
- R. M. Harrison and J. X. Yin, “Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere: Which Particle Properties Are Important for Its Effects on Health,” The Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 249, No. 1-3, 2000, pp. 85-101. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00513-6
- P. Penttinen, K. L. Timonen, P. Tiittanen, A. Mirme, J. Ruuskanen and J. Pekkenen, “Ultrafine Particles in Urban Air and Respiratory Health among Adult Asthmatics”, European Respiratory Journal, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2001, pp. 428-435. doi:10.1183/09031936.01.17304280
- G. S. Casuccio, S. F. Schlaegle, T. L. Lersch, G. P. Huffman, Y. Chen and N. Shah, “Measurement of Fine Particulate Matter Using Electron Microscopy Techniques,” Fuel processing Technology, Vol. 85, No. 6-7, 2004, pp. 763-779. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.026
- M. Cho?l, K. Deboudt, P. Flament, L. Aimoz, and X. Mériaux, “Single-Particle Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosols at Cap Gris-Nez Channel: Influence of Steel Works on Iron Apportionment,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 41, No. 13, 2007, pp. 2820-2830. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.038
- C. Monn, “Exposure Assessment o Fair Pollutants: A Review on Spatial Heterogeneity and Indoor/Outdoor Personal Exposure to Suspended Particulate Matter, NO2 and O3,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 35, No. 1, 2001, pp. 1-32. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00330-7
- U. Franck, O. Herbarth, S. R?der, U. Schlink, M. Borte, U. Diez, U. Kr?mer and I. Lehmann, “Respiratory Effects of Indoor Particles in Young Children Are Size Dependent,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 409, No. 9, 2011, pp. 1621-1631. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.001
- G. Nalbone, “Pollution Par les Particules Atmosphériques Fines et Ultrafines et Risque Cardiovasculaire,” Médecine & Longévité, Vol. 2, 2010, pp. 22-39
- EPAQS, “Airborne Particles,” Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards, London, 2001.
- M. ?itnik, A. Kastelic, Z. Rupnik, P. Pelicon, P. Vaupeti?, K. Bu?ar, S. Novak, Z. Samard?ija, S. Matsuyama, G. Catella and K. Ishii, “Time-Resolved Measurements of Aerosol Elemental Concentrations in Indoor Working Environments,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 44, No. 38, 2010, pp. 4954-4963. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.017
- M. Lisiewicz, R. Heimburger and J. Golimowski. “Gra- nulometry and the Content of Toxic and Potentially Toxic Elements in Vacuum-Cleaner Collected, Indoor Dusts of the City of Warsaw,” The Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 263, No. 1-3, 2000, pp. 69-78. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00667-7