A real doping case for which the national-level reviewing body deemed it probable that a misidentification of the national-level athlete’s sample occurred at the WADA accredited laboratory, thus making the athlete in this case strictly anonymous, is used to discuss criteria for data reduction and tolerance windows in GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Stricter criteria for data reduction would remedy the present ambiguities.
M. Thevis and W. Sch?nzer, “Mass Spectrometry in Sports Drug Testing: Structure Charactization and Analytical Assays,” Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2007, pp. 79-107. doi:10.1002/mas.20107
M. Thevis and W. Sch?nzer, “Current Role of LC-MS (/MS) in Doping Control,” Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 388, No. 7, 2007, pp. 1351-1358. doi:10.1007/s00216-007-1131-4
International Standard for Laboratories V6.0, 2011. http://www.wada-ama.org
J. A. Sphon, “Use of Mass Spectrometry for Conformation of Animal Drug Residues”, Journal— Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Vol. 61, No. 5, 1978, pp. 1247-1252.
L. Rivier, “Criteria for the Identification of Compounds by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Multiple Mass Spectrometry in Forensic Toxicology and Doping Analysis,” Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 492, No. 1-2, 2003, pp. 69-82. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00889-4
P. Van Eenoo and F. T. Delbeke, “Criteria in Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry—A Comparison between Regulations of Residue and Doping Analysis,” Chromatographia, Vol. 59, Supplement 1, 2004, pp. S39-S44. doi:10.1365/s10337-004-0198-8
R. A. de Zeeuw, “Substance Identification: The Weak Link in Analytical Toxicology,” Journal of Chromatogr B, Vol. 811, No. 1, 2004, pp. 3-12.
R. A. de Zeeuw, “Letter to the Editor-Fitness for Purpose of Mass Spectrometric Methods in Substance Identification,” Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 50, No. 3, 2005, pp. 745-747.
A. M. H. van der Veen, “Measurement Uncertainty and Doping Control in Sport,” Accreditation and Quality Assurance, Vol. 8, No. 7-8, 2003, pp. 334-339. doi:10.1007/s00769-003-0644-6
P. Van Eenoo and F. T. Delbecke, “Reply to ‘Measurement uncertainty and doping control in sport’ by A. van der Veen, Accred Qual Assur (2003) 8:334-339,” Accreditation and Quality Assurance, Vol. 8, No. 10, 2003, pp. 477-479. doi:10.1007/s00769-003-0681-1
A. M. H. van der Veen, “Measurement Uncertainty and Doping Control in Sport. Part 2: Metrological Traceability Aspects,” Accreditation and Quality Assurance, Vol. 9, Vol. 6, 2004, pp. 311-316.
B. King, “Measurement Uncertainty in Sports Drug Testing,” Accreditation and Quality Assurance, Vol. 9, Vol. 6, 2004, pp. 369-373.
A. M. H. van der Veen, “Author’s Response to the Letter to the Editor of Van Eenoo et al. Concerning the Paper ‘Measurement uncertainty and doping control in sport’,” Accreditation and Quality Assurance, Vol. 9, No. 6, 2004, pp. 375-377. doi:10.1007/s00769-004-0775-4
A. M. H. van der Veen, “Some Comments on King’s Statements Concerning Measurement Uncertainty in Doping Control,” Accreditation and Quality Assurance, Vol. 9, No. 8, 2004, pp. 515-517.
N. M. Faber and R. Boqué, “On the Calculations of Decision Limits in Doping Control,” Accreditation and Quality Assurance, Vol. 11, No. 10, 2006, pp. 536-538. doi:10.1007/s00769-006-0196-7
N. M. Faber, “The Limit of Detection Is Not the Analyte Level for Deciding between “Detected and Not ‘Detected’,” Accreditation and Quality Assurance, Vol. 13, No. 4-5, 2008, pp. 277-278. doi:10.1007/s00769-007-0351-9
N. M. Faber, “Regulations in the Field of Residue and Doping Analysis Should Ensure the Risk of False Positive Declaration is Well-Defined,” Accreditation and Quality Assurance, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2009, pp. 111-115. doi:10.1007/s00769-008-0468-5
P. Van Eenoo and F. T. Delbeke, “Response on ‘Regulations in the Field of Residue and Doping Analysis Should Ensure a Well-Define Risk of a False Positive Declaration’, by N. M. Faber,” Accreditation and Quality Assurance, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2009, pp. 219-221. doi:10.1007/s00769-008-0483-6
N. M. Faber, “Towards More Fair and Effective Doping Tests Based on Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection,” Accreditation and Quality Assurance, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2009, pp. 223-226. doi:10.1007/s00769-009-0507-x
N. M. Faber, “Validation of Specificity in Doping Control: Problems and Prospects,” Accreditation and Quality Assurance, Vol. 14, No. 7, 2009, p. 399. doi:10.1007/s00769-009-0548-1
R. D. Blackledge, “Bad Science: The Instrumental Data in the Floyd Landis Case,” Clinica Chimica Acta, Vol. 406, No. 1-2, 2009, pp. 8-13. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2009.05.016
L. D. Bowers, “Advocacy versus Impartial Scientific Review: A Problem for Scientists and the Courts,” Clinica Chimica Act, Vol. 406, No. 1-2, 2009, pp. 14-17. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2009.05.006
N. M. Faber, “Floyd Landis: An Unsafe Conviction, Regardless of Quality of Data,” Clinica Chimica Acta, Vol. 411, No. 1-2, 2010, pp. 117-118. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2009.10.001
Editorial, “A Level Playing Field? Drug Testing in Sports Aims to Promote Fair Play, but the Science behind the Tests Needs to Be More Open,” Nature, Vol. 454, No. 7205, 2008, p. 667. doi:10.1038/454667a
D. A. Berry, “The Science of Doping,” Nature, Vol. 454, No. 7205, 2008, pp. 692-693. doi:10.1038/454692a
P.-E. Sottas, C. Saudan and M. Saugy, “Doping: A Paradigm Shift Has Taken Place in Doping,” Nature, Vol. 455, No. 7210, 2008, p. 166. doi:10.1038/455166a
A. Ljungqvist, L. Horta and G. Wadler, “Doping: World Agency Sets Standards to Promote Fair Play,” Nature, Vol. 455, No. 7216, 2008, p. 1176. doi:10.1038/4551176a
M. Fero, “Doping: Ignorance of Basic Statistic All Too Common,” Nature, Vol. 455, No. 7210, 2008, p. 166. doi:10.1038/455166c
N. M. Faber, “Doping: Using Flexible Criteria Could Reduce False Positives,” Nature, Vol. 455, No. 7216, 2008, p. 1176. doi:10.1038/4551176b
M. Thevis, A. A. Makarov, S. Horning and W. Sch?nzer, “Mass Spectrometry of Stanozolol and Its Analogues Using Electrospray Ionization and Collision-Induced Dissociation with Quadrupole-Linear Ion Trap and Linear Ion Trap-Orbitrap Hybrid Mass Analyzers,” Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 19, No. 22, 2005, pp. 3369-3378. doi:10.1002/rcm.2204
S. E. Stein and D. N. Heller, “On the risk of False Positive Identification Using Multiple Ion Monitoring in Qualitative Mass Spectrometry: Large-Scale Intercomparisons with a Comprehensive Mass Spectral Library,” Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 17, No. 6, 2006, pp. 823-835. doi:10.1016/j.jasms.2006.02.021
CAS 2011/A/2353 Erik Tysse v. Norwegian Athletics Federation & International Association of Athletics Federation, 2011. http://www.tas-cas.org