Cognitive, Emotional, and Self-Perception Outcomes of the 3D Movement Method: A Qualitative Study of Adult Women’s Experiences — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Cognitive, Emotional, and Self-Perception Outcomes of the 3D Movement Method: A Qualitative Study of Adult Women’s Experiences
Independent Researcher, California, USA
,
School of Media & Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
1 Independent Researcher, California, USA
2 School of Media & Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Background: Mind-body exercise (MBE) is increasingly recognized for its multidimensional benefits to physical, cognitive, and psychological health. While established modalities like yoga, tai chi, and Pilates have been extensively studied, little is known about novel approaches that integrate multiplanar movement with structured verbal guidance. Objective: This qualitative study explored participant experiences with the 3D Movement Method as MBE practice, examining perceived cognitive, emotional, and self-perception outcomes in adult women. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 women aged 34 - 69 years (M = 49.41, SD = 11.96) who were current practitioners of the 3D Movement Method, with engagement ranging from three months to over two years. Interviews were conducted via Zoom in March-April 2025. A focused thematic analysis was performed using MAXQDA to examine cognitive, emotional, and self-perception outcomes. Results: The analysis identified three main domains of change: emotional benefits (such as better mood, increased motivation, and greater emotional stability), cognitive improvements (including sharper concentration, more effective decision-making, and clearer thinking), and self-perception gains (enhanced bodily awareness and a revitalized sense of physical agency). Participants described these changes as arising from the integration of multiplanar movement with mindful attention and structured verbal guidance. Conclusions: The 3D Movement Method appears to support psychological well-being through a synergistic interaction between physical engagement, attentional control, and reflective self-awareness. The findings contribute to the evidence based on innovative MBE formats that combine biomechanically precise movement with continuous verbal guidance to foster embodied self-awareness.
KeywordsMind-Body Exercise3D Movement MethodQualitative ResearchCognitive FunctionEmotional RegulationSelf-PerceptionEmbodied CognitionMotor Learning
Suk, J., Kim, K. and Kim, J.U. (2025) A Meta-Analysis of Studies of the Effect of Mind Body Exercise on Various Domains of Cognitive Function in Older People with or without Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Evidence - Based Integrative Medicine , 30, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690x251363709
Zou, L., Zhang, Y., Yang, L., Loprinzi, P.D., Yeung, A.S., Kong, J., et al. (2019) Are Mindful Exercises Safe and Beneficial for Treating Chronic Lower Back Pain? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine , 8, Article 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050628
Wu, C., Yi, Q., Zheng, X., Cui, S., Chen, B., Lu, L., et al. (2018) Effects of Mind-Body Exercises on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 67, 749-758. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15714
Dong, Y., Zhang, X., Zhao, R., Cao, L., Kuang, X. and Yao, J. (2024) The Effects of Mind-Body Exercise on Anxiety and Depression in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry , 15, Article 1305295. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1305295
França, C., Martinho, D., Gouveia, É.R. and Portugal, A. (2025) Mind-Body Exercise and Depression. In: Schuch, F.B. and Stubbs, B., Eds., Physical Activity , Physical Fitness and Depression , Routledge, 93-104. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003478539-7
Monteiro-Junior, R.S., da Rocha Fernandes, V., Pereira Oliva, H.N., Prudente, T.P. and Ribeiro, S. (2025) Capoeira and Brain Function: Hypotheses and Perspectives from a Systematic Review. Mental Health and Physical Activity , 28, Article ID: 100678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2025.100678
Ribeiro, S., Pimentel, A.P., Fernandes, V.R., Deslandes, A.C. and Amarante, P. (2024) It Is Time for More Holistic Practices in Mental Health. PLOS Mental Health , 1, e0000028. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000028
Deuel, L.M. and Seeberger, L.C. (2020) Complementary Therapies in Parkinson Disease: A Review of Acupuncture, Tai Chi, Qi Gong, Yoga, and Cannabis. Neurotherapeutics , 17, 1434-1455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-020-00900-y
Lin, X., Zheng, J., Zhang, Q. and Li, Y. (2024) The Effects of Mind Body Exercise on Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Mental Health and Physical Activity , 26, Article ID: 100587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2024.100587
Ju, M., Zhang, Z., Tao, X., Lin, Y., Gao, L. and Yu, W. (2023) The Impact of Pilates Exercise for Depression Symptoms in Female Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicine , 102, e35419. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000035419
Verbal Guidance
Aibar-Almazán, A., Hita-Contreras, F., Cruz-Díaz, D., de la Torre-Cruz, M., Jiménez-García, J.D. and Martínez-Amat, A. (2019) Effects of Pilates Training on Sleep Quality, Anxiety, Depression and Fatigue in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Maturitas , 124, 62-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.03.019
Guidotti, S., Fiduccia, A., Morisi, G. and Pruneti, C. (2025) Benefits of Pilates on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: An Observational Study Comparing People Practicing Pilates to Non-Active Controls. Healthcare , 13, Article 772. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13070772
Mascari, L.H. (2021) The Afro-Brazilian Martial Art of Capoeira: Cultural Healing and Identity. Master’s Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
Makhfudli, M., Tonapa, S.I., Has, E.M.M., Chong, M. and Efendi, F. (2024) Efficacy of Mind-Body Exercise to Reduce Sleep Disturbance and Depression among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asian Nursing Research , 18, 408-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2024.08.002
Weber, M., Schnorr, T., Morat, M., Morat, T. and Donath, L. (2020) Effects of Mind–body Interventions Involving Meditative Movements on Quality of Life, Depressive Symptoms, Fear of Falling and Sleep Quality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 17, Article 6556. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186556
Xu, H., Liu, J., Li, P. and Liang, Y. (2024) Effects of Mind-Body Exercise on Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Menopause , 31, 457-467. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0000000000002336
Yue, H., Yang, Y., Xie, F., Cui, J., Li, Y., Si, M., et al. (2025) Effects of Physical Activity on Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms of Women in the Menopausal Transition and Menopause: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity , 22, Article No. 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-025-01712-z
Wayne, P.M., Yeh, G. and Mehta, D.H. (2018) Minding the Mind-Body Literature: Aging and Cognitive Decline. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine , 24, 196-199. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2018.29044.pjw
Blomstrand, P., Tesan, D., Nylander, E.M. and Ramstrand, N. (2023) Mind Body Exercise Improves Cognitive Function More than Aerobic-and Resistance Exercise in Healthy Adults Aged 55 Years and Older—An Umbrella Review. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity , 20, Article No. 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-023-00325-4
Chan, J.S.Y., Deng, K., Wu, J. and Yan, J.H. (2019) Effects of Meditation and Mind-Body Exercises on Older Adults’ Cognitive Performance: A Meta-Analysis. The Gerontologist , 59, e782-e790. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz022
Gallagher, S. (2006) How the Body Shapes the Mind. Clarendon Press.
Shapiro, L. (2019) Embodied Cognition. Routledge.
Tao, J., Liu, J., Chen, X., Xia, R., Li, M., Huang, M., et al. (2019) Mind-Body Exercise Improves Cognitive Function and Modulates the Function and Structure of the Hippocampus and Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. NeuroImage : Clinical , 23, Article ID: 101834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101834
Kemper, K.J., Lynn, J. and Mahan, J.D. (2015) What Is the Impact of Online Training in Mind-Body Skills? Journal of Evidence - Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine , 20, 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587215580882
Lee, D., Kang, D., Ha, N., Oh, C., Lee, U. and Kang, S.W. (2018) Effects of an Online Mind-Body Training Program on the Default Mode Network: An EEG Functional Connectivity Study. Scientific Reports , 8, Article No. 16935. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34947-x
Jung, Y., Ha, T.M., Oh, C.Y., Lee, U.S., Jang, J.H., Kim, J., et al. (2016) The Effects of an Online Mind-Body Training Program on Stress, Coping Strategies, Emotional Intelligence, Resilience and Psychological State. PLOS ONE , 11, e0159841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159841
Lee, T.D. and Schmidt, R.A. (2025) Motor Learning and Performance: From Principles to Application. Human Kinetics.
Sigrist, R., Rauter, G., Riener, R. and Wolf, P. (2012) Augmented Visual, Auditory, Haptic, and Multimodal Feedback in Motor Learning: A Review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 20, 21-53. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-012-0333-8
Wulf, G. and Lewthwaite, R. (2016) Optimizing Performance through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning: The OPTIMAL Theory of Motor Learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 23, 1382-1414. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0999-9
Bonevski, B., Randell, M., Paul, C., Chapman, K., Twyman, L., Bryant, J., et al. (2014) Reaching the Hard-To-Reach: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Improving Health and Medical Research with Socially Disadvantaged Groups. BMC Medical Research Methodology , 14, Article No. 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-14-42
Saunders, B., Sim, J., Kingstone, T., Baker, S., Waterfield, J., Bartlam, B., et al. (2017) Saturation in Qualitative Research: Exploring Its Conceptualization and Operationalization. Quality & Quantity , 52, 1893-1907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8
Rädiker, S. and Kuckartz, U. (2020) Focused Analysis of Qualitative Interviews with MAXQDA. MAXQDA Press.
Johnson, J.L., Adkins, D. and Chauvin, S. (2020) A Review of the Quality Indicators of Rigor in Qualitative Research. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education , 84, 7120. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7120
Turner, D. (2020) Reflexive Journals in Qualitative Research. Qualitative Research Journal , 20, 297-305.
World Medical Association (2013) World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. JAMA , 310, 2191-2194.