Rioting historically has been known to cause changes in individual cognition, with heightened emotionality, increased excitement and reduced reflective thought. A cross-disciplinary literature review hypothesises emotional states generate corresponding metabolic bio magnetic fields that radiate in patterns reflecting these emotional states. The oscillatory phase of these waves is advanced as being more significant than the power of signal, permitting stochastic effects to magnify signals by appropriating ambient noise. Possible transmission and detection structures in the body are discussed, induced paramagnetic sensitivity in crowd participants in a phase transition process is hypothesised, the effect may be proportional to crowd numbers. It is suspected that positive effects seen in Transcranial Magnetic Therapy used to treat depression may be operating on this mechanism, acting on natural receptors in the limbic system which also capture light and are implicated in mood transitions. A number of paramagnetic neurotransmitters may be implicated.
Le Bon, G. (1897) The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. Kessinger Publishing Co., Whitefish.
Waddington, D.P., Jones, K. and Critcher, C. (1989) Flashpoints: Studies in Public Disorder. Routledge, London.
Waddington, D. and King, M. (2005) The Disorderly Crowd: From Classical Psychological Reductionism to Socio-Contextual Theory—The Impact on Public Order Policing Strategies. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 44, 490-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2311.2005.00393.x
Reicher, S. and Stott, C. (1998) Crowd Action as Intergroup Process: Introducing the Police Perspective. European Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 509-529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199807/08)28:4 3.0.CO;2-C
Reicher, S. (2001) The Psychology of Crowd Dynamics. In: Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Group Processes, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Massachusetts, 182-208.
Reicher, S., Stott, C., Cronin, P. and Adang, O. (2004) An Integrated Approach to Crowd Psychology and Public Order Policing. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 27, 558-572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639510410566271
Deco, G., Rolls, E., Romo, R., Chizmadzhev, Y.A., Indenbom, A.V. and Kuzmin, P.I. (2009) Stochastic Dynamics as a Principle of Brain Function. Progress in Neurobiology, 88, 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.01.006
Patten, S. and Arboleda-Flórez, J. (2004) Epidemic Theory and Group Violence. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39, 853-856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0867-9
Smelser, N. (1962) Theory of Collective Behaviour. Routledge Publishing, London.
Cannetti, E. (1984) Crowds and Power. Farrar Straus and Giroux, New York.
Turner, J.C., Hogg, M.A., Oakes, P.J., Reicher, S.D. and Wetherell, M.S. (1987) Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory. Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
Patten, S. (1999) Epidemics of Violence. Medical Hypotheses, 53, 217-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/mehy.1998.0748
Drury, J. and Reicher, S. (2000) Collective Action and Psychological Change: The Emergence of New Social Identities. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 579-604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466600164642
Home Office (2011) An Overview of Recorded Crimes and Arrests Resulting from Disorder Events in August 2011. Home Office, London.
Newton, J.W. and Mann, L. (1980) Crowd Size as a Factor in the Persuasion Process: A Study of Religious Crusade Meetings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 874-883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.874
Amin, Y., Hamdi, E. and Eapen, V. (1997) Mass Hysteria in an Arab Culture. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 43, 303-306.
Bolton, K. (2011) http//hydrablog.csusm.edu/2011/08/after_british_riots_conflictin.html
Mather, M. and Lighthall, N.R. (2012) Risk and Reward Are Processed Differently in Decisions Made Under Stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21, 36-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721411429452
Hill, P. (2008) Vibrational Communication in Animals. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Bargh, J.A., Chen, M. and Burrows, L. (1996) Automaticity of Social Behavior: Direct Effects of Trait Construct and Stereotype Activation on Action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 230-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.230
Dijksterhuis, A. (2004) Think Different: The Merits of Unconscious Thought in Preference Development and Decision Making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 586-598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.586
Manly, T., Fish, J.E., Griffiths, S., Molenveld, M., Zhou, F.A. and Davis, G.J. (2014) Unconscious Priming of Task-Switching Generalizes to an Untrained Task. PLoS ONE, 9, Article ID: e88416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088416
Dimberg, U., Thunberg, M. and Elmehed, K. (2000) Unconscious Facial Reactions to Emotional Facial Expressions. Psychological Science, 11, 86-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00221
Wang, S., Tsuchiya, N., New, J., Hurlemann, R. and Adolphs, R. (2014) Preferential Attention to Animals and People Is Independent of the Amygdala. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Epub ahead of print. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsu065
Hinzman, L. and Kelly, S.D. (2013) Effects of Emotional Body Language on Rapid Out-Group Judgments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 152-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.010
Gawronski, B. and Bodenhausen, G.V. (2005) Accessibility Effects on Implicit Social Cognition: The Role of Knowledge Activation and Retrieval Experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 672-685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.672
De Gelder, B., Snyder, J., Greve, D., Gerard, G. and Hadjikhani, N. (2004) Fear Fosters Flight: A Mechanism for Fear Contagion When Perceiving Emotion Expressed by a Whole Body. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 16701-16706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0407042101
Carretié, L., Hinojosa, J.A., Mercado, F. and Tapia, M. (2005) Cortical Response to Subjectively Unconscious Danger. Neuroimage, 24, 615-623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.009
Haxby, J.V., Hoffman, E.A. and Gobbini, M.I. (2000) The Distributed Human Neural System for Face Perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 223-233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01482-0
Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, J., Behne, T. and Moll, H. (2005) Understanding and Sharing Intentions: The Origins of Cultural Cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 675-691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X05000129
Brosch, T., Pourtois, G., Sander, D. and Vuilleumier, P. (2011) Additive Effects of Emotional, Endogenous, and Exogenous Attention: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence. Neuropsychologia, 49, 1779-1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.056
Farroni, T., Csibra, G., Simion, F. and Johnson, M.H. (2002) Eye Contact Detection in Humans from Birth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99, 9602-9605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.152159999
Ohman, A., Flykt, A. and Esteves, F. (2001) Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 466-478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.130.3.466
Totah, N.K., Jackson, M.E. and Moghaddam, B. (2013) Preparatory Attention Relies on Dynamic Interactions between Prelimbic Cortex and Anterior Cingulate Cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 23, 729-738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs057
Davila, A.F., Fleissner, G., Winklhofer, M. and Petersen, N. (2003) A New Model for a Magnetoreceptor in Homing Pigeons Based on Interacting Clusters of Superparamagnetic Magnetite. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 28, 647-652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00118-9
Presti, D. and Pettigrew, J.D. (1980) Ferromagnetic Coupling to Muscle Receptors as a Basis for Geomagnetic Field Sensitivity in Animals. Nature, 285, 99-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/285099a0
Jacob, H., Brück, C., Domin, M., Lotze, M. and Wildgruber, D. (2014) I Can’t Keep Your Face and Voice out of My Head: Neural Correlates of an Attentional Bias toward Nonverbal Emotional Cues. Cerebral Cortex, 24, 1460-1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs417
Rautkylä, E., Puolakka, M. and Halonen, L. (2012) Alerting Effects of Daytime Light Exposure—A Proposed Link between Light Exposure and Brain Mechanisms. Lighting Research and Technology, 44, 238-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153511409294
Vandewalle, G., Schwartz, S., Grandjean, D., Wuillaume, C., Balteau, E., Degueldre, C., Schabus, M., Phillips, C., Luxen, A., Dijk, D.J. and Maquet, P. (2010) Spectral Quality of Light Modulates Emotional Brain Responses in Humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 19549-19554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010180107
Conrad, C.D. and Stumpf, W.E. (1975) Direct Visual Input to the Limbic System: Crossed Retinal Projections to the Nucleus Anterodorsalis Thalami in the Tree Shrew. Experimental Brain Research, 23, 141-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235456
Rautkyä, E., Puolakka, M. and Halonen, L. (2011) Alerting Effects of Daytime Light Exposure—A Proposed Link between Light Exposure and Brain Mechanisms. Lighting Research and Technology.
Aspect, A., Grangier, P. and Roger, G. (1982) Experimental Realization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm Gedankenexperiment: A New Violation of Bell’s Inequalities. Physical Review Letters, 49, 91-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.91
George, M.S., Wassermann, E.M., Williams, W.A., Steppel, J., Pascual-Leone, A., Basser, P., Hallet, M. and Post, R.M. (1996) Changes in Mood and Hormone Levels after Rapid-Rate Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) of the Prefrontal Cortex. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Sciences, 8, 172-180.
Lopez-Ibor, J.J., López-Ibor, M.I. and Pastrana, J.I. (2008) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 21, 640-644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283136a0c
Nummenmaa, L., Glerean, E., Hari, R. and Hietanen, J.K. (2014) Bodily Maps of Emotions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111, 646-651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1321664111
Otsuka, K., Oinuma, S., Cornélissen, G., Weydahl, A., Ichimaru, Y., Kobayashi, M., Yano, S., Holmeslet, B., Hansen, T.L., Mitsutake, G., Engebretson, M.J., Schwartzkopff, O. and Halberg, F. (2001) Alternating Light-Darkness-Influenced Human Electrocardiographic Magnetoreception in Association with Geomagnetic Pulsations. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 55, 63s-75s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3322(01)90007-1
Watanabe, Y., Cornélissen, G., Halberg, F., Otsuka, K. and Ohkawa, S.I. (2000) Associations by Signatures and Coherences between the Human Circulation and Helio- and Geomagnetic Activity. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 55, s76-s83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3322(01)90008-3
Nishimura, T., Tada, H., Nakatani, E., Matsuda, K., Teramukai, S. and Fukushima, M. (2014) Stronger Geomagnetic Fields May Be a Risk Factor of Male Suicides. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 68, 404-409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12149
Glover, P.M. and Bowtell, R. (2008) Measurement of Electric Fields Induced in a Human Subject Due to Natural Movements in Static Magnetic Fields or Exposure to Alternating Magnetic Field Gradients. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 53, 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/53/2/005
Rainville, P., Bechara, A., Naqvi, N. and Damasio, A. (2006) Basic Emotions Are Associated with Distinct Patterns of Cardiorespiratory Activity. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 61, 5-18.
Schmidt, R.C. and Richardson, M.J. (2008) Dynamics of Interpersonal Coordination. In: Coordination: Neural, Behavioral and Social Dynamics, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 281-308.
Shea, N., Boldt, A., Bang, D., Yeung, N., Heyes, C. and Frith, C.D. (2014) Supra-Personal Cognitive Control and Metacognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18, 186-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.01.006
Pecenka, N. and Keller, P.E. (2011) The Role of Temporal Prediction Abilities in Interpersonal Sensorimotor Synchronization. Experimental Brain Research, 211, 505-515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2616-0
Bargh, J.A., Schwader, K.L., Hailey, S.E., Dyer, R.L. and Boothby, E.J. (2012) Automaticity in Social-Cognitive Processes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 593-605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.10.002
Close, J. (2012) Are Stress Responses to Geomagnetic Storms Mediated by the Cryptochrome Compass System? Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279, 2081-2090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0324
Rusov, V., Lukin, K.A., Zelentsova, T.N., Linnik, E.P., Beglaryan, M.E., Smolyar, V.P., Filippov, M. and Vachev, B. (2012) Can Resonant Oscillations of the Earth Ionosphere Influence the Human Brain Biorhythm? arXiv preprint arXiv:1208.4970.
Freake, M.J., Muheim, R. and Phillips, J.B. (2006) Magnetic Maps in Animals: A Theory Comes of Age? The Quarterly Review of Biology, 81, 327-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/511528
Azcáratea, T., Sánchez de la Peñac, B. and Martíneza, J. (2012) Temporal Variation of the Arterial Pressure in Healthy Young People and Its Relation to Geomagnetic Activity in Mexico. Advances in Space Research, 50, 1310-1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2012.06.015
Radin, D.I. (1992) Evidence for Relationship between Geomagnetic Field Fluctuations and Skilled Physical Performance. Artigo Apresentado na 11a Reunião Anual da Sociedade de Explorações Científicas, Princeton, Nova Jersey.
Volpe, P. (2003) Interactions of Zero-Frequency and Oscillating Magnetic Fields with Biostructures and Biosystems. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2, 637-648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b212636b
Berk, M., Dodd, S. and Henry, M. (2005) Do Ambient Electromagnetic Fields Affect Behaviour? A Demonstration of the Relationship between Geomagnetic Storm Activity and Suicide. Bioelectromagnetics, 27, 151-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.20190
Liboff, A.R. (2013). Why Are Living Things Sensitive to Weak Magnetic Fields? Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 1-5.
Oxley, D., Smith, K., Alford, J., Hibbing, M., Miller, J., Scalora, M., Hatemi, P. and Hibbing, J. (2008) Political Attitudes Vary with Physiological Traits. Science, 321, 1667-1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1157627
Abraham, R. (2000) Vibrational Resonance and Cognitive Internalization. For: Proceedings of Einstein Days in Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, International Seminar on Cognitive Processes of Internalization in Humanities and Sciences, 15-18 March 2000.
Norina, S., Rastopov, S. and Popp, F. (2000) Coherent Vibrations of Cells under Magnetic Influences. Proc. SPIE 3915, Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedical Science and Clinical Applications IV, 214, 28 April 2000.
Cifra, M., Vani, J., Kucera, O., Hasek, J., Frydlova, A., Jelnek, F., Saroch, J. and Pokorny, J. (2007) Biophotonics: Optical Science and Engineering for the 21st Century. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium 2007, Prague, 27-30 August 2007.
Cikara, M., Jenkins, A.C., Dufour, A. and Saxe, R. (2014) Reduced Self-Referential Neural Response during Intergroup Competition Predicts Competitor Harm. NeuroImage, 96, 36-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.080
Sullins, E.S. (1991) Emotional Contagion Revisited: Effects of Social Comparison and Expressive Style on Mood Convergence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 166-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014616729101700208
Hagan, C.C., Woods, W., Johnson, S., Calder, A.J., Green, G.G. and Young, A.W. (2009) MEG Demonstrates a Supra-Additive Response to Facial and Vocal Emotion in the Right Superior Temporal Sulcus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 20010-20015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905792106
Grossman, E.D. and Blake, R. (2001) Brain Activity Evoked by Inverted and Imagined Biological Motion. Vision Research, 41, 1475-1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0042-6989(00)00317-5
Ainsworth, C. (2007) Cilia: Tails of the Unexpected. Nature, 448, 638-641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/448638a
Bargmann, C.I. (2006) Comparative Chemosensation from Receptors to Ecology. Nature, 444, 295-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05402
McPhail, C. and Wohlstein, R.T. (1983) Individual and Collective Behaviors within Gatherings, Demonstrations, and Riots. Annual Review of Sociology, 9, 579-600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.09.080183.003051
McPhail, C. (1991) The Myth of the Madding Crowd. Transaction Publishers, Piscataway.
Costantini, D., Monaghan, P. and Metcalfe, N.B. (2012) Early Life Experience Primes Resistance to Oxidative Stress. Journal of Experimental Biology, 215, 2820-2826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.072231
McGowan, P., Sasaki, A., D’Alessio, A., Dymov, S., Labonté, B., Szyf, M., Turecki, G. and Meaney, M. (2009) Epigenetic Regulation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Human Brain Associates with Childhood Abuse. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 342-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2270
Kleim, J.A., Chan, S., Pringle, E., Schallert, K., Procaccio, V., Jimenez, R. and Cramer, S.C. (2006) BDNF val66met Polymorphism Is Associated with Modified Experience-Dependent Plasticity in Human Motor Cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 9, 735-737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn1699
Ame, J., Halloy, J., Rivault, C., Detrain, C. and Deneubourg, J. (2006) Collegial Decision Making Based on Social Amplification Leads to Optimal Group Formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103, 5835-5840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507877103
Brewer, M.B. (1999) The Psychology of Prejudice: Ingroup Love and Outgroup Hate? Journal of Social Issues, 55, 429-444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00126
Dumas, G., Chavez, M., Nadel, J. and Martinerie, J. (2012) Anatomical Connectivity Influences both Intra- and Inter-Brain Synchronizations. PLoS ONE, 7, Article ID: e36414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036414
Hexmoor, H. (2011) Crowds and Spontaneous Collaboration. Proceedings of IC-AI, Las Vegas, NV, 18-21 July 2011, Las Vegas, Nevada.
White, R. (2006) Swarming and the Social Dynamics of Group Violence. Trends and Issues in Criminal Justice, No. 326.
Aunger, R. (2000) Darwinizing Culture the Status of Memetics as a Science. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Tek, C. and Ulug, B. (2001) Religiosity and Religious Obsessions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Psychiatry Research, 104, 99-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(01)00310-9
Previc, F.H. (2006) The Role of the Extrapersonal Brain Systems in Religious Activity. Consciousness and Cognition, 15, 500-539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2005.09.009
Williams, L.E. and Bargh, J.A. (2008) Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth. Science, 322, 606-607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1162548
Lacks, R.D., Gordon, J.A. and Mccue, C.M. (2005) Who, What, and When: A Descriptive Examination of Crowd Formation, Crowd Behavior, and Participation with Law Enforcement at Homicide Scenes in One City. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 30, 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02885878
Zanello, S.B., Jackson, D.M. and Holick, M.F. (2000) Expression of the Circadian Clock Genes Clock and Period 1 in Human Skin. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 115, 757-760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00121.x
Li, J., Gao, Q., Zhou, J., Li, X., Zhang, M. and Shen, M. (2014) Bias or Equality? Unconscious Thought Equally Integrates Temporally Scattered Information. Consciousness and Cognition, 25, 77-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2014.01.012
Butler, E., Egloff, B., Wilhelm, F., Smith, N., Erickson, E. and Gross, J. (2003) The Social Consequences of Expressive Suppression. Emotion, 3, 48-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.48
MacArthur, R. and Pianka, E. (1966) On Optimal Use of a Patchy Environment. American Naturalist, 100, 603-609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/282454
Brown, J.H., Gillooly, J.F., Allen, A.P., Savage, V.M. and West, G.B. (2004) Toward a Metabolic Theory of Ecology. Ecology, 85, 1771-1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/03-9000
Donaldson, Z. and Young, L. (2008) Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and the Neurogenetics of Sociality. Science, 322, 900-904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1158668
Rosenblum, M. and Pikovsky, A. (2003) Synchronization: From Pendulum Clocks to Chaotic Lasers and Chemical Oscillators. Contemporary Physics, 44, 401-416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107510310001603129
Buzsaki, G. (2006) Rhythms of the Brain. Oxford University Press, Oxford. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301069.001.0001
Maeda, K., Henbest, K.B., Cintolesi, F., Kuprov, I., Rodgers, C.T., Liddell, P.A., Gust, D., Timmel, C.R. and Hore, P.J. (2008) Chemical Compass Model of Avian Magnetoreception. Nature, 453, 387-390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06834
Heyers, D., Luksch, H., Güntürkün, O. and Mouritsen, H. (2007) A Visual Pathway Links Brain Structures Active during Magnetic Compass Orientation in Migratory Birds. PLoS ONE, 2, Article ID: e937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000937
Partonen, T. (2012) Hypothesis: Cryptochromes and Brown Fat Are Essential for Adaptation and Affect Mood and Mood-Related Behaviors. Frontiers in Neurology, 3, 157.
Weaver, J., Vaughan, T. and Astumian, R. (2000) Biological Sensing of Small Field Differences by Magnetically Sensitive Chemical Reactions. Nature, 405, 707-709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35015128
Vaughan, T. and Weaver, J.C. (2005) Molecular Change Signal-to-Noise Criteria for Interpreting Experiments Involving Exposure of Biological Systems to Weakly Interacting Electromagnetic Fields. Bioelectromagnetics, 26, 305-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.20094
Pitcher, T., Partridge, B. and Wardle, C. (1976) A Blind Fish Can School. Science, 194, 963-965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.982056.
Camazine, S., Deneubourg, J., Franks, N., Sneyd, J., Theraulaz, G. and Bonabeau, E. (2001) Self-Organization in Biological Systems. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Johnsen, S. and Lohmann, K.J. (2005) The Physics and Neurobiology of Magnetoreception. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6, 703-712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn1745
Norina, S.B., Rastopov, S.F. and Popp, F.A. (2000) Coherent Vibrations of Cells under Magnetic Influences. Proceedings SPIE, 3915, 214-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.384158
Moore, C.I. and Cao, R. (2008) The Hemo-Neural Hypothesis: On the Role of Blood Flow in Information Processing. Journal of Neurophysiology, 99, 2035-2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01366.2006
Kirschvink, J.L, Walker, M.M. and Diebel, C.E. (2001) Magnetite-Based Magnetoreception. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 11, 462-467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0959-4388(00)00235-X
Kirschvink, J.L., Kobayashi-Kirschvink, A. and Woodford, B.J. (1992) Magnetite Biomineralization in the Human Brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 89, 7683-7687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.16.7683
Carrubba, S., Frilot II, C., Chesson Jr., A.L. and Marino, A.A. (2007) Evidence of a Nonlinear Human Magnetic Sense. Neuroscience, 144, 356-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.08.068
Frilot II, C., Carrubba, S. and Marino, A.A. (2014) Sensory Transduction of Weak Electromagnetic Fields: Role of Glutamate Neurotransmission Mediated by NMDA Receptors. Neuroscience, 258, 184-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.009
Wiltschko, R. and Wiltschko, W. (2006) Magnetoreception. BioEssays, 28, 157-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.20363
Baker, R.R., Mather, J.G. and Kennaugh, J.H. (1983) Magnetic Bones in Human Sinuses. Nature, 301, 79-80.
Wiesenfeld, K. and Moss, F. (1995) Stochastic Resonance and the Benefits of Noise: From Ice Ages to Crayfish and SQUIDs. Nature, 373, 33-36.
Foley, L.E., Gegear, R.J. and Reppert, S.M. (2011) Human Cryptochrome Exhibits Light-Dependent Magnetosensitivity. Nature Communications, 2, 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1364
Otsuka, K., Yamanaka, T., Cornélissen, G., Breus, T., Chibisov, S.M., Baevsky, R., Siegelová, J., Fiser, B. and Halberg, F. (2000) Altered Chronome of Heart Rate Variability during Span of High Magnetic Activity. Scripta Medica (Brno), 73, 111-116.
Castaneda, J. and Segerstrom, S. (2004) Effect of Stimulus Type and Worry on Physiological Response to Fear. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18, 809-823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.10.003
Hayut, I., Puzenko, A., Ben Ishai, P., Polsman, A., Agranat, A.J. and Feldman, Y. (2013) The Helical Structure of Sweat Ducts: Their Influence on the Electromagnetic Reflection Spectrum of the Skin. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 3, 207-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2012.2227476
Chizmadzhev, Y., Indenbom, A., Kuzmin, P., Galichenko, S., Weaver, J. and Potts, R. (1998) Electrical Properties of Skin at Moderate Voltages. Biophysical Journal, 74, 843-856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(98)74008-1
Ney, M. and Abdulhalim, I. (2011) Modeling of Reflectometric and Ellipsometric Spectra from the Skin in the Terahertz and Submillimeter Waves Region. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 16, Article ID: 067006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3592779
Hayut, I., Ishai, P.B., Agranat, A.J. and Feldman, Y. (2014) Circular Polarization Induced by the Three-Dimensional Chiral Structure of Human Sweat Ducts. Physical Review E, 89, Article ID: 042715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.89.042715
Maeda, K., Robinson, A.J., Henbest, K.B., Hogben, H.J., Biskup, T., Ahmad, M., Schleicher, E., Weber, S., Timmel, C.R. and Hore, P.J. (2012) Magnetically Sensitive Light-Induced Reactions in Cryptochrome Are Consistent with Its Proposed Role as a Magnetoreceptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 4774-4779.
Miller, I. and Lonetree, B. (2013) The Sedona Effect: Correlations between Geomagnetic Anomalies, EEG Brainwaves & Schumann Resonance. Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research, 4.
Irmak, M. (2010) Multifunctional Merkel Cells Their Roles in Electromagnetic Reception, Finger-Print Formation, Reiki, Epigenetic Inheritance and Hair Form. Medical Hypotheses, 75, 162-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2010.02.011
Soh, K. (2004) Bonghan Duct and Acupuncture Meridian as Optical Channel of Biophoton. Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 45, 1196-1198.
Soh, K. (2009) Bonghan Circulatory System as an Extension of Acupuncture Meridians. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 2, 93-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2005-2901(09)60041-8
Byung-Cheon Lee, K.W.K., Kwang-Sup Soh (2009) Visualizing the Network of Bonghan Ducts in the Omentum and Peritoneum by Using Trypan Blue. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 2, 66-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2005-2901(09)60017-0
Kwon, Y.W., Lee, C.H., Choi, D.H. and Jin, J.I. (2009) Materials Science of DNA. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 19, 1353-1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b808030e
Ng, B.S.W., Schroeder, T. and Kayser, C. (2012) A Precluding But Not Ensuring Role of Entrained Low-Frequency Oscillations for Auditory Perception. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 12268-12276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1877-12.2012
Achimescu, S. and Lipan, O. (2006) Signal Propagation in Nonlinear Stochastic Gene Regulatory Networks. IEE Proceedings of Systems Biology, 153, 120-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-syb:20050027
Oschmann, J. (2002) Clinical Aspects of Biological Fields: An Introduction for Health Care Professionals. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 6, 117-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jbmt.2001.0259
Feldman, Y., Puzenko, A., Ishai, P.B., Caduff, A. and Agranat, A.J. (2008) Human Skin as Arrays of Helical Antennas in the Millimeter and Submillimeter Wave Range. Physical Review Letters, 100, Article ID: 128102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.128102
Abdulhalim, I. and Ney, M. (2010) Modeling of Reflectometric and Ellipsometric Spectra from the Skin in the Terahertz and Submillimeter Waves Region. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 16, Article ID: 067006.
Seto, A., Kusaka, C., Nakazato, S., Huang, W.R., Sato, T., Hisamitsu, T. and Takeshige, C. (1992) Detection of Extraordinary Large Bio-Magnetic Field Strength from Human Hand during External Qi Emission. Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research International Journal, 17, 75-94.
Kokubo, H., Yamamoto, M., Hirasawa, M., Kawano, K., Furukawa, M. and Sakaida, H. (1999) Review on Recent Measurements of Anomalous Bio-Magnetic Fields. Journal of International, Society of Life Information Science, 17, 20-25.
Risch, N., Burchard, E., Ziv, E. and Tang, H. (2002) Categorization of Humans in Biomedical Research: Genes, Race and Disease. Genome Biology, 3, 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-comment2007
Dimitrova, S. (2006) Relationship between Human Physiological Parameters and Geomagnetic Variations of Solar Origin. Advances in Space Research, 37, 1251-1257.
Brown, G.R., Dickins, T.E., Sear, R. and Laland, K.N. (2011) Evolutionary Accounts of Human Behavioural Diversity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366, 313-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0267
Bohacek, J., Gapp, K., Saab, B.J. and Mansuy, I.M. (2013) Transgenerational Epigenetic Effects on Brain Functions. Biological Psychiatry, 73, 313-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.08.019
Jammes, H., Junien, C. and Chavatte-Palmer, P. (2010) Epigenetic Control of Development and Expression of Quantitative Traits. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 23, 64-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/RD10259
Storz, J., Scott, G. and Cheviron, Z. (2010) Phenotypic Plasticity and Genetic Adaptation to High-Altitude Hypoxia in Vertebrates. Journal of Experimental Biology, 213, 4125-4136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.048181
Labie, D. and Elion, J. (2012) Genetics of Adaptation to High Altitude. Wiley Online Library, ELS. file:///C:/Users/Owner/Downloads/Labie%20Elion%20eLS%20Altitude%202012.pdf
Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Ziemann, U., Hajak, G., Cohen, L. and Berman, K.F. (2002) Transitions between Dynamical States of Differing Stability in the Human Brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99, 10948-10953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.162114799
McDermott, R., Fowler, J.H. and Smirnov, O. (2008) On the Evolutionary Origin of Prospect Theory Preferences. Journal of Politics, 70, 335-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381608080341
Buka, S.L., Stichick, T.L., Birdthistle, I. and Earls, F.J. (2001) Youth Exposure to Violence Prevalence, Risks, and Consequences. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71, 298-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.71.3.298
Hoek, H.W., Brown, A.S. and Susser, E. (1998) The Dutch Famine and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, 373-379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050068
Shorter, J. and Lindquist, S. (2005) Prions as Adaptive Conduits of Memory and Inheritance. Nature Reviews Genetics, 6, 435-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg1616
Ayton, S., Lei, P., Adlard, P.A., Volitakis, I., Cherny, R.A., Bush, A.I. and Finkelstein, D.I. (2014) Iron Accumulation Confers Neurotoxicity to a Vulnerable Population of Nigral Neurons: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease. Molecular Neurodegeneration, 9, 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1750-1326-9-27
Berg, D., Gerlach, M., Youdim, M.B.H., Double, K.L., Zecca, L., Riederer, P. and Becker, G. (2002) Brain Iron Pathways and Their Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Neurochemistry, 80, 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-3042.2001.00742.x
Zheng, H.W., Wang, R.B., Qiao, L.K. and Du, Y. (2014) The Molecular Dynamics of Neural Metabolism during the Action Potential. Science China Technological Sciences, 57, 857-863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-014-5530-4
Achterhold, K. and Parak, F. (2003) Protein Dynamics: Determination of Anisotropic Vibrations at the Haem Iron of Myoglobin. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 15, S1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/15/18/302
Beldade, P., Mateus, A. and Keller, R. (2011) Evolution and Molecular Mechanisms of Adaptive Developmental Plasticity. Molecular Ecology, 20, 1347-1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05016.x
Duncan, E.J., Gluckman, P.D. and Dearden, P.K. (2014) Epigenetics, Plasticity, and Evolution: How Do We Link Epigenetic Change to Phenotype? Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, 322, 208-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.22571
Misra, J., Sinha, A. and Shit, G. (2011) Mathematical Modeling of Blood Flow in a Porous Vessel Having Double Stenoses in the Presence of an External Magnetic Field. International Journal of Biomathematics, 4, 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1793524511001428
Zecca, L., Shima, T., Stroppolo, A., Goj, C., Battiston, G., Gerbasi, R., Sama, T. and Swartz, H. (1996) Interaction of Neuromelanin and Iron in Substantia Nigra and Other Areas of Human Brain. Neuroscience, 73, 407-415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(96)00047-4
Achterhold, K., Keppler, C., Ostermann, A., van Bürck, U., Sturhahn, W., Alp, E.E. and Parak, F.G. (2002) Vibrational Dynamics of Myoglobin Determined by the Phonon-Assisted Mössbauer Effect. Physical Review E, 65, Article ID: 051916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.65.051916
Tong, Y.J., Hocke, L.M., Licata, S.C. and de B. Frederick, B. (2012) Low-Frequency Oscillations Measured in the Periphery with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Are Strongly Correlated with Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signals. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 17, Article ID: 106004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.17.10.106004
Bison, G., Wynands, R. and Weis, A. (2003) A Laser-Pumped Magnetometer for the Mapping of Human Cardiomagnetic Fields. Applied Physics B, 76, 325-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1120-z
Burleson, K. and Schwartz, G. (2005) Cardiac Torsion and Electromagnetic Fields: The Cardiac Bioinformation Hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses, 64, 1109-1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2004.12.023
Bortkiewicz, A., Gadzicka, E. and Zmyslony, M. (1996) Heart Rate Variability in Workers Exposed to Medium-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System, 59, 91-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1838(96)00009-4
Salmi, J., et al. (2013) The Brains of High Functioning Autistic Individuals Do Not Synchronize with Those of Others. NeuroImage, Clinical, 3, 489-497.
Kostyuk, N., et al. (2011). Gas Discharge Visualization: An Imaging and Modeling Tool for Medical Biometrics. Journal of Biomedical Imaging, 2011, 3.1-7.
McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., Tomasino, D. and Tiller, W.A. (1998) The Electricity of Touch: Detection and Measurement of Cardiac Energy Exchange between People. In: Brain and Values: Is a Biological Science of Values Possible, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, NJ, 359-379.
Feigin, V.L., Parmar, P.G., Barker-Collo, S., Bennett, D.A., Anderson, C.S., Thrift, A.G., et al. (2014) Geomagnetic Storms Can Trigger Stroke: Evidence from 6 Large Population-Based Studies in Europe and Australasia. Stroke, 45, 1639-1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.004577
Jozsa, R., Halberg, F., Cornélissen, G., Zeman, M., Kazsaki, J., Csernus, V., Amory-Mazaudin, C., et al. (2005) Chronomics, Neuroendocrine Feedsidewards and the Recording and Consulting of Nowcasts—Forecasts of Geomagnetics. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 59, S24-S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3322(05)80006-X
Pearsall, P., Schwartz, G.E. and Russek, L.G. (2000) Changes in Heart Transplant Recipients that Parallel the Personalities of Their Donors. Integrative Medicine, 2, 65-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1096-2190(00)00013-5
Grassi-Schultheiss, P.P., Heller, F. and Dobson, J. (1997) Analysis of Magnetic Material in the Human Heart, Spleen and Liver. Biometals, 10, 351-355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018340920329
Winklhofer, M. (2005) Biogenic Magnetite and Magnetic Sensitivity in Organisms—From Magnetic Bacteria to Homing Pigeons. Magnetohydrodynamics, 41, 295-304.
Winklhofer, M. (2007) Magnetite-Based Magnetoreception in Higher Organisms. In: Magnetoreception and Magnetosomes in Bacteria, Springer, Berlin, 301-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7171_048
Critchley, H.D. (2005) Neural Mechanisms of Autonomic, Affective, and Cognitive Integration. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 493, 154-166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.20749
Spapé, M.M., Kivikangas, J.M., Järvelä, S., Kosunen, I., Jacucci, G. and Ravaja, N. (2013) Keep Your Opponents Close: Social Context Affects EEG and fEMG Linkage in a Turn-Based Computer Game. PLoS ONE, 8, Article ID: e78795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078795
Hatfield, E., Carpenter, M. and Rapson, R.L. (2014) Emotional Contagion as a Precursor to Collective Emotions. Collective Emotions: 108. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
McCraty, R., Atkinson, M. and Bradley, R.T. (2004) Electrophysiological Evidence of Intuition: Part 1. The Surprising Role of the Heart. The Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 10, 133-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/107555304322849057
Banaclocha, M.A., Bókkon, I. and Banaclocha, H.M. (2010) Long-Term Memory in Brain Magnetite. Medical Hypotheses, 74, 254-257.
Ekman, P. (1999) Basic Emotions. In: Dalgleish, T. and Power, M.J., Eds., Handbook of Cognition and Emotion, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Sussex.
Hugenberg, K. and Bodenhausen, G. (2003) Facing Prejudice: Implicit Prejudice and the Perception of Facial Threat. Psychological Science, 14, 640-643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1478.x
Calder, A., Lawrence, A. and Young, A. (2001) Neuropsychology of Fear and Loathing. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 2, 353-363.
Wheeler, M. and Fiske, S. (2005) Controlling Racial Prejudice Social-Cognitive Goals Affect Amygdala and Stereotype Activation. Psychological Science, 16, 56-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00780.x
Gollisch, T. and Meister, M. (2010) Eye Smarter than Scientists Believed: Neural Computations in Circuits of the Retina. Neuron, 65, 150-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.12.009
Persinger, M.A. (2006) A Potential Multiple Resonance Mechanism by Which Weak Magnetic Fields Affect Molecules and Medical Problems: The Example of Melatonin and Experimental “Multiple Sclerosis”. Medical Hypotheses, 66, 811-815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2005.09.044
Munsky, B., Trinh, B. and Khammash, M. (2009) Listening to the Noise: Random Fluctuations Reveal Gene Network Parameters. Molecular Systems Biology, 5, 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/msb.2009.75
Sandyk, R. and Derpapas, K. (1994) The Effects of Picotesla Range Magnetic Fields on Visuospatial Functions in Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Neuroscience, 78, 103-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00207459408986292
Richardson, K., Imhoff, T., Grigg, P. and Collins, J. (1998) Using Electrical Noise to Enhance the Ability of Humans to Detect Subthreshold Mechanical Cutaneous Stimuli. Chaos, 8, 599-603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.166341
Mueller, S., Wang, D., Fox, M., Yeo, B., Sepulcre, J., Sabuncu, M., Shafee, R., Lu, J. and Liu, H. (2013) Individual Variability in Functional Connectivity Architecture of the Human Brain. Neuron, 77, 586-595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.12.028
Vanderhasselt, M.A., Baeken, C., Van Schuerbeek, P., Luypaert, R. and De Raedt, R. (2013) Inter-Individual Differences in the Habitual Use of Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression Are Associated with Variations in Prefrontal Cognitive Control for Emotional Information: An Event Related fMRI Study. Biological Psychology, 92, 433-439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.03.005
Davies, D.R., Matthews, G., Stammers, R.B. and Westerman, S.J. (2013) Human Performance: Cognition, Stress and Individual Differences. Psychology Press, Hove, East Sussex.
Adamatsky, A. (2005) Dynamics of Crowd Minds, Patterns of Irrationality in Emotions, Beliefs and Actions. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore.
Bajpai, R.P. (2003) Quantum Coherence of Biophotons and Living Systems. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 41, 514-527.
Popp, F.A., Maric-Oehler, W., Schlebusch, K.P. and Klimek, W. (2005) Evidence of Light Piping (Meridian-Like Channels) in the Human Body and Nonlocal EMF Effects. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 24, 359-374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15368370500381760
Fillaux, F. (2005) Quantum Entanglement and Nonlocal Proton Transfer Dynamics in Dimers of Formic Acid and Analogues. Chemical Physics Letters, 408, 302-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2005.04.069
Zotter, S., Ma, X.S., Kofler, J., Ursin, R., Jennewein, T., Brukner, C. and Zeilinger, A. (2012) Experimental Delayed-Choice Entanglement Swapping. Nature Physics, 8, 479-484.
Raafat, R.M., Chater, N. and Frith, C. (2009) Herding in Humans. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 420-428.
Jensen, O., Gips, B., Bergmann, T.O. and Bonnefond, M. (2014) Temporal Coding Organized by Coupled Alpha and Gamma Oscillations Prioritize Visual Processing. Trends in Neurosciences, 37, 357-369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2014.04.001
Sulis, W. (2008) Stochastic Phase Decoupling in Dynamical Networks. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 12, 327-357.
Haegens, S., Luther, L. and Jensen, O. (2012) Somatosensory Anticipatory Alpha Activity Increases to Suppress Distracting Input. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24, 677-685.
Mansteadc, A.S. (2014) Social Appraisal as a Cause of Collective Emotions. In: von Scheve, C. and Salmela, M., Eds., Collective Emotions: 141, OUP, Oxford.
Mawson, A.R. (2005) Understanding Mass Panic and Other Collective Responses to Threat and Disaster. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 68, 95-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2005.68.2.95
Lakin, J.L., Jefferis, V.E., Cheng, C.M. and Chartrand, T.L. (2003) The Chameleon Effect as Social Glue: Evidence for the Evolutionary Significance of Nonconscious Mimicry. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 27, 145-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025389814290
Engel, A., Fries, P. and Singer, W. (2001) Dynamic Predictions: Oscillations and Synchrony in Top down Processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 704-715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35094565
Gomez-Ramirez, M., Kelly, S., Molholm, S., Sehatpour, P., Schwartz, T. and Foxe, J. (2011) Oscillatory Sensory Selection Mechanisms during Intersensory Attention to Rhythmic Auditory and Visual Inputs: A Human Electrocorticographic Investigation. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 18556-18567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2164-11.2011
Badzey, R. and Mohanty, P. (2005) Coherent Signal Amplification in Bistable Nanomechanical Oscillators by Stochastic Resonance. Nature, 437, 995-998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04124
Gluckman, B., Netoff, T., Neel, E., Ditto, W., Spano, M. and Schiff, S. (1996) Stochastic Resonance in a Neuronal Network from Mammalian Brain. Physical Review Letters, 77, 4098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.4098
Persinger, M.A. (2014) Schumann Resonance Frequencies Found within Quantitative Electroencephalographic Activity: Implications for Earth-Brain Interactions. International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, 11, 24-32.
Usher, M. and Feingold, M. (2000) Stochastic Resonance in the Speed of Memory Retrieval. Biological Cybernetics, 83, L011-L016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007974
Guastello, S., Pincus, D. and Gunderson, P.R. (2006) Electrodermal Arousal between Participants in a Conversation: Nonlinear Dynamics and Linkage Effects. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology and Life Sciences, 10, 365-399.
Wibral, M., Rahm, B., Rieder, M., Lindner, M., Vicente, R. and Kaiser, J. (2011) Transfer Entropy in Magnetoencephalographic Data: Quantifying Information Flow in Cortical and Cerebellar Networks. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, 105, 80-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2010.11.006
Salis, H. and Kaznessis, Y. (2005) Accurate Hybrid Stochastic Simulation of a System of Coupled Chemical or Biochemical Reactions. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 122, Article ID: 054103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1835951
Hu, H. and Wu, M. (2004) Action Potential Modulation of Neural Spin Networks Suggests Possible Role of Spin. Neuroquantology, 2.
Hameroff, S., Nip, A., Porter, M. and Tuszynski, J. (2002) Conduction Pathways in Microtubules, Biological Quantum Computation, and Consciousness. Biosystems, 64, 149-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0303-2647(01)00183-6
Craddock, T.J.A., Friesen, D., Mane, J., Hameroff, S. and Tuszynski, J.A. (2014) The Feasibility of Coherent Energy Transfer in Microtubules. arXiv preprint arXiv:1405.3170.
Penrose, R. and Hameroff, S. (2011) Consciousness in the Universe: Neuroscience, Quantum Space-Time Geometry and Orch OR Theory. Journal of Cosmology, 14, 1-17.
Craddock, T.J., Tuszynski, J.A. and Hameroff, S. (2012) Cytoskeletal Signaling: Is Memory Encoded in Microtubule Lattices by CaMKII Phosphorylation? PLoS Computational Biology, 8, Article ID: e1002421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002421
Ilin, R. and Kozma, R. (2006) Stability of Coupled Excitatory-Inhibitory Neural Populations and Application to Control of Multi-Stable Systems. Physics Letters A, 360, 66-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2006.07.050
Hameroff, S.R. and Penrose, R. (1996) Conscious Events as Orchestrated Space-Time Selections. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 3, 36-53.
Hameroff, S. (1998) Quantum Computation in Brain Microtubules? The Penrose-Hameroff’ Orch OR’model of Consciousness. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society of London Series A: Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1869-1895.
Bohm, D. and Hiley, B.J. (1993) The Undivided Universe. Routledge, London.
Hameroff, S.R. (2007) The Brain Is both Neurocomputer and Quantum Computer. Cognitive Science, 31, 1035-1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03640210701704004
Persinger, M.A., et al. (2013) Congruence of Energies for Cerebral Photon Emissions, Quantitative EEG Activities and ~5 nT Changes in the Proximal Geomagnetic Field Support Spin-Based Hypothesis of Consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research, 4.
Hameroff, S. (2014) Consciousness, Microtubules, & ‘Orch OR’: A ‘Space-Time Odyssey’. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 21, 126-153.
Georgiev, D. and Glazebrook, J. (2006) Dissipationless Waves for Information Transfer in Neurobiology—Some Implications. Informatica, 30, 221-232.
Freeman, W., Kozma, R. and Werbos, P. (2001) Biocomplexity: Adaptive Behavior in Complex Stochastic Dynamical Systems. BioSystems: Journal of Biological and Information Processing Sciences, 59, 109-123.
Maeda, K.I., Misonoh, Y. and Kobayashi, T. (2010) Oscillating Universe in Horava-Lifshitz Gravity. Physical Review D, 82, Article ID: 064024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.82.064024