Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide-co-<i>N</i>-<i>tert</i>-butylacrylamide)- grafted hyaluronan as an injectable and self-assembling scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering — Oak Academic Publishing
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Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide-co-<i>N</i>-<i>tert</i>-butylacrylamide)- grafted hyaluronan as an injectable and self-assembling scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering
Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
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Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
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Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
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Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
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Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
1 Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
2 Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
3 Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
4 Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
5 Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
Novel poly( N -isopropylacrylamide-co- N - tert -butylacrylamide)-grafted hyaluronan [P(NIPAAm-co-NtBAAm)-g-HA] has been developed as a modified derivative to improve phase-transition characteristics of PNIPAAm-g-HA, which has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of approximately 32°C. This promising self-assembling biomaterial has potential as an injectable scaffold for in situ cartilage tissue engineering. LCST of the P(NIPAAm-co-NtBAAm)-g-HA decreased to approximately 3.6°C compared to that of the original PNIPAAm-g-HA. This modification enabled self-assembly at body temperatures lower than the temperature of the parental PNIPAAm-g-HA molecule. Cytotoxicity and acute systemic toxicity assays revealed that P(NIPAAm-co-NtBAAm)-g-HA was not hazardous. The DNA content of chondrogenic differentiated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) embedded in the gels was higher than that of biomaterial-free aggregates during the culture periods. Cartilage-related genes were also expressed in chondrogenic differentiated MSCs embedded in the P (NIPAAm-co-NtBAAm)-g-HA hydrogel. Specifically, an increased expression of SRY-related HMG box-containing gene 9 ( Sox 9) observed in the hydrogel group compared to controls. These data suggest that P(NIPAAm-co-NtBAAm)-g-HA is a promising injectable scaffold with thermoresponsive properties suitable for in situ cartilage tissue engineering.
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