Effect of tapered angles in an artery on distribution of blood flow pressure with gravity considered
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- 2 National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- 4 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Abstract
The tapered angles of an artery significantly influence the local hemodynamics. However, as gravity is considered, little is known about the effect of tapered angles on the hemodynamics. In this study, we explored whether the effect of tapered angles on the distribution of blood flow pressure (DBFP) differed with gravity considered or not. Numerical simulations of the DBFP in a single vessel were performed based on such tapered angles as 0 ° , 0.5 ° and 1 ° . In the model used for simulation, gravity was introduced as a body force. We obtained the following simulations: i) The larger the tapered angles were, the better distributed the blood flow pressure; ii) The tapered effect was an important factor leading to nonlinearity in blood flow pressure; iii) Gravity affected DBFP coupling with the tapered angles, yet independently influenced the dimension of the DBFP. At the same time, the effective intensity of gravity decreased with the increase of tapered angles.
- Grigoriev, A.I., Kotovskaya, A.R. and Fomina, G.A. (2011) The human cardiovascular system during space flight. Acta Astronautica, 68, 1495-1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.11.013
- Hughson, R.L., Yamamoto, Y., Maillet, A., Fortrat, J.O., Traon, A., Butler, G.C., Giiellr, A. and Gharib, C. (1994) Altered autonomic regulation of cardiac function during head-up tilt after 28-day head-down bed-rest with countermeasures. Clinical Physiology, 14, 291-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097X.1994.tb00386.x
- Arbeille, P., Sigaudo, D., LeTraon, A.P., Herault, S., Porcher, M. and Gharib, C. (1998) Femoral to cerebral arterial blood flow redistribution and femoral vein distension during orthostatic tests after 4 days in the head-down tilt position or confinement. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 78, 208-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050409
- Hamilton, D.R., Sargsyan, A.E., Garcia, K., Ebert, D.J., Whitson, P.A., Feiveson, A.H., et al. (2012) Cardiac and vascular responses to thigh cuffs and respiratory maneuvers on crewmembers of the International Space Station. Journal of Applied Physiology, 112, 454-462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00557.2011
- Hall, P. (1974) Unsteady viscous flow in a pipe of slowly varying cross-section. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 64, 209-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022112074002369
- Bakirtas, I. and Demiray, H. (2005) Weakly non-linear waves in a tapered elastic tube filled with an inviscid fluid. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 40, 785-793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2004.03.003
- Sankar, D.S. and Hemalatha, K. (2007) Non-linear mathematical models for blood flow through tapered tubes. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 188, 567-582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2006.10.013
- Mandal, P.K. (2005) An unsteady analysis of non-Newtonian blood flow through tapered arteries with a stenosis. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 40, 151-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2004.07.007
- Nadeem, S. and Akbar, N.S. (2010) Simulation of the second grade fluid model for blood flow through a tapered artery with a stenosis. Chinese Physics Letters, 27, 068701-1-068701-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/27/6/068701
- Nadeem, S. and Akbar, N.S. (2011) Power law fluid model for blood flow through a tapered artery with a stenosis. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 217, 7108-7116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2011.01.026