Influence of Ozonized Oil Nanoemulsions on B-16 Melanoma Cells: An <i>in Vitro Study</i>
- 1 Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
- 2 Department of Immunology, Facultyof Medicine, ZonguldakBülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to use a novel approach to overcome the current limitations of ozone therapy in medicine through ozonized oil nanoemulsions (OZNEs). We evaluated dose-dependency on the cellular activities of B-16 melanoma cell line which were incubated with various OZNE doses (v/v). Antitumor effects of OZNE against cancer cell lines were evaluated by cellular morphology, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. Flow cytometry results showed that OZNE induced DNA damage, apoptosis, and arrested cell cycle in G0-1 phase in B-16 melanoma cells. Thus, OZNE treatment could pose an effective way to act as a potential therapeutic for patients with tumors in the future.
- Höckel, M. and Vaupel, P. (2001) Biological Consequences of Tumor Hypoxia. Seminars in Oncology, 28, 36-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-7754(01)90211-8
- Mimeault, M. and Batra, S.K. (2013) Hypoxia-Inducing Factors as Master Regulators of Stemness Properties and Altered Metabolism of Cancer- and Metastasis-Initiating Cells. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 17, 30-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.12004
- Yun, Z. and Lin, Q. (2014) Hypoxia and Regulation of Cancer Cell Stemness. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 772, 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5915-6_2
- Plasswilm, L., Tannapfel, A., Cordes, N., Demir, R., Hoeper, K., Bauer, J. and Hoeper, J. (2000) Hypoxia-Induced Tumour Cell Migration in an in Vivo Chicken Model. Pathobiology, 68, 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1159/000055909
- Rankin, E.B. and Giaccia, A. (2016) Hypoxic Control of Metastasis. Science, 352, 175-180. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf4405
- Serio, F., Pizzolante, G., Cozzolino, G., D’Alba, M., Bagordo, F., De Giorgi, M., Grassi, T., Idolo, A., Guido, M. and De Donno, A. (2017) A New Formulation Based on Ozonated Sunflower Seed Oil: In Vitro Antibacterial and Safety Evaluation. Ozone: Science Engineering, 39, 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2016.1272405
- Travagli, V., Zanardi, I., Valacchi, G. and Bocci, V. (2010) Ozone and Ozonated Oils in Skin Diseases: A Review. Mediators of Inflammation, 2010, Article ID: 610418. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/610418
- Komaiko, J.S. and McClements, D.J. (2016) Formation of Food-Grade Nanoemulsions Using Low-Energy Preparation Methods: A Review of Available Methods. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 15, 331-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12189
- Shah, P., Bhalodia, D. and Shelat, P. (2010) Nanoemulsion: A Pharmaceutical Review. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 1, 24-32. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-8453.59509
- Periasamy, V.S., Athinarayanan, J. and Alshatwi, A.A. (2016) Anticancer Activity of an Ultrasonic Nanoemulsion Formulation of Nigella sativa L. Essential Oil on Human Breast Cancer Cells. Ultrasonicssonochemistry, 31, 449-455.
- Tadros, T., Izquierdo, P., Esquena, J. and Solans, C. (2004) Formation and Stability of Nano-Emulsions. Advances in Colloid Interface Science, 108, 303-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2003.10.023
- Jaiswal, M., Dudhe, R. and Sharma, P. (2015) Nanoemulsion: An Advanced Mode of Drug Delivery System. 3 Biotech, 5, 123-127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-014-0214-0