Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field in biomedical engineering with references to efficiency, safety, and cost-effective approaches. Herein, the objective of this study was to examine an innovative approach to rapidly synthesis silver nanoparticles from an aqueous extract of medicinal mushroom G a noderma lucidum (also known as reishi). The structural and dimensional dispersion of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from reishi was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Additionally, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from resihi were used to explore their potential antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae . The results from this study revealed that the silver nanoparticles mediated by reishi adopted a spherical shape morphology with sizes, less than 100 nm and revealed strong absorption plasmon band at 440 nm. Furthermore, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from reishi exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested S. aureus and M. luteus and E. coli and K. pneumoniae by altering their morphology which signifies their biomedical potential.
Pisano, R. and Durlo, A. (2023) Feynman’s Frameworks on Nanotechnology in Historiographical Debate. In: Condé, M.L. and Salomon, M., Eds., Handbook for the Historiography of Science , Springer International Publishing, 441-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27510-4_26
Malik, S., Muhammad, K. and Waheed, Y. (2023) Nanotechnology: A Revolution in Modern Industry. Molecules , 28, Article 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020661
Szczyglewska, P., Feliczak-Guzik, A. and Nowak, I. (2023) Nanotechnology-General Aspects: A Chemical Reduction Approach to the Synthesis of Nanoparticles. Mol e cules , 28, Article 4932. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134932
Mustafa, S.M., Barzinjy, A.A. and Hamad, A.H. (2023) An Environmentally Friendly Green Synthesis of Co 2+ and Mn 2+ Ion Doped Zno Nanoparticles to Improve Solar Cell Efficiency. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering , 11, Article ID: 109514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.109514
Anjum, S., Vyas, A. and Sofi, T. (2023) Fungi-Mediated Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Characterization Process and Agricultural Applications. Journal of the S cience of Food and Agriculture , 103, 4727-4741. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12496
Xu, F., Li, Y., Zhao, X., Liu, G., Pang, B., Liao, N., et al. (2023) Diversity of Fungus-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: Properties, Mechanisms, Challenges, and Solving Methods. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology . https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2023.2225131
Ren, X., Wang, J., Huang, L., Cheng, K., Zhang, M. and Yang, H. (2020) Comparative Studies on Bioactive Compounds, Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis, and Antioxidant Activity of Pileus and Stipes of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Gan o derma lucidum (agaricomycetes) Fruiting Body at Different Growth Stages. Inte r national Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms , 22, 133-144. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2020033683
Meshesha, F. (2023) Pharmacological Activities of Reishi ( Ganoderma lucidum ): Potent Medicinal Mushroom. Microbial Journal , 3. https://doi.org/10.59411/x0s16496
Mohanta, Y., Nayak, D., Biswas, K., Singdevsachan, S., Abd-Allah, E., Hashem, A., et al. (2018) Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Wild Mushroom Show Potential Antimicrobial Activities against Food Borne Pathogens. Molecules , 23, Article 655. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030655
Velgosova, O., Mačák, L., Lisnichuk, M. and Vojtko, M. (2022) Synthesis and Analysis of Polymorphic Silver Nanoparticles and Their Incorporation into the Polymer Matrix. Polymers , 14, Article 2666. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14132666
Ewunkem, A.J., Williams, Z.J., Johnson, N.S., Brittany, J.L., Maselugbo, A. and Nowlin, K. (2023) Exploring the “Carpenter” as a Substrate for Green Synthesis: Biosynthesis and Antimicrobial Potential. Gene & Protein in Disease , 2, 2155. https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.2155
Jakinala, P., Lingampally, N., Hameeda, B., Sayyed, R.Z., Khan, M.Y., Elsayed, E.A., et al. (2021) Correction: Silver Nanoparticles from Insect Wing Extract: Biosynthesis and Evaluation for Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential. PLOS ONE , 16, e0252256. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252256
Pothiraj, C., Kumar, M., Eyini, M. and Balaji, P. (2022) Mycosynthesis of Nanoparticles from Basidiomycetes Mushroom Fungi: Properties, Biological Activities, and Their Applications. In: Kasinathan, K., Elshikh, M.S. and Al Farraj, D.A.A., Eds., Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion , Biomedical and Environmental Applic a tions , Springer Nature Singapore, 315-337.
Anith Jose, R., Devina Merin, D., Arulananth, T.S. and Shaik, N. (2022) Characterization Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Chaetoceros calcitrans . Journal of Nanomaterials , 2022, Article ID: 4056551. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4056551
Ahmed, B., Bilal Tahir, M., Sagir, M. and Hassan, M. (2024) Bio-Inspired Sustainable Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles as Next Generation of Nanoproduct in Antimicrobial and Catalytic Applications. Materials Science and Engineering : B , 301, Article ID: 117165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2023.117165
Huda Abd Kadir, N., Ali Khan, A., Kumaresan, T., Khan, A.U. and Alam, M. (2024) The Impact of Pumpkin Seed-Derived Silver Nanoparticles on Corrosion and Cytotoxicity: A Molecular Docking Study of the Simulated AgNPs. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews , 17, Article ID: 2319246. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2024.2319246
Vladár, A.E. and Hodoroaba, V.D. (2020) Characterization of Nanoparticles by Scanning Electron Microscopy. In: Hodoroaba, V.D., Unger, W.E.S. and Shard, A.G., Eds., Characterization of Nanoparticles , Elsevier, 7-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814182-3.00002-X
Sharma, A., Sagar, A., Rana, J. and Rani, R. (2022) Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Its Antibacterial Activity Using Fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus Isolated from Taxus baccata Linn. Micro and Nano Systems Letters , 10, Article No. 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40486-022-00144-9
Ewunkem, A.J., Johnson, N., Beard, A.F., Tshimanga, I., Justice, B. and Meixner, J. (2024) Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Honeybees and Its Antibacterial Potential. Open Journal of Medical Microbiology , 14, 77-92. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmm.2024.141007
Ridolfo, R., Tavakoli, S., Junnuthula, V., Williams, D.S., Urtti, A. and van Hest, J.C.M. (2020) Exploring the Impact of Morphology on the Properties of Biodegradable Nanoparticles and Their Diffusion in Complex Biological Medium. Biom a cromolecules , 22, 126-133. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00726
Urnukhsaikhan, E., Bold, B., Gunbileg, A., Sukhbaatar, N. and Mishig-Ochir, T. (2021) Antibacterial Activity and Characteristics of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized from Carduus crispus . Scientific Reports , 11, Article No. 21047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00520-2
Ferreyra Maillard, A.P.V., Gonçalves, S., Santos, N.C., López de Mishima, B.A., Dalmasso, P.R. and Hollmann, A. (2019) Studies on Interaction of Green Silver Nanoparticles with Whole Bacteria by Surface Characterization Techniques. Bi o chimica et Biophysica Acta ( BBA )— Biomembranes , 1861, 1086-1092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.03.011
Normani, S., Dalla Vedova, N., Lanzani, G., Scotognella, F. and Paternò, G.M. (2021) Bringing the Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with Bacteria to Light. Bi o physics Reviews , 2, Article ID: 021304. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0048725
Ewunkem, A.J., Tshimanga, I., Samson, B., Justice, B. and Singh, D.K. (2024) Invitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Reishi Mushroom ( Ganoderma lucidum ) against a Select Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria. Scie n tific Journal of Biology & Life Sciences , 3.
Pal, S., Tak, Y.K. and Song, J.M. (2007) Does the Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Depend on the Shape of the Nanoparticle? A Study of the Gram-Negative Bacterium Escherichia coli . Applied and Environmental Microb i ology , 73, 1712-1720. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02218-06
More, P.R., Pandit, S., Filippis, A.D., Franci, G., Mijakovic, I. and Galdiero, M. (2023) Silver Nanoparticles: Bactericidal and Mechanistic Approach against Drug Resistant Pathogens. Microorganisms , 11, Article 369. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020369
Dakal, T.C., Kumar, A., Majumdar, R.S. and Yadav, V. (2016) Mechanistic Basis of Antimicrobial Actions of Silver Nanoparticles. Frontiers in Microbiology , 7, Article 1831. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01831