In the mouth, biofilm formation occurs on all soft and hard surfaces. Microbial colonization on such surfaces is always preceded by the formation of a pellicle. The physicochemical surface properties of a pellicle are largely dependent on the physical and chemical nature of the underlying surface. Thus, the surface structure and composition of the underlying surface will influence on the initial bacterial adhesion. The aim of this review is to evaluate the influence of the surface roughness and the restorative material composition on the adhesion process of oral bacteria. Both in vitro and in vivo studies underline the importance of both variables in dental plaque formation. Rough surfaces will promote plaque formation and maturation. Candida species are found on acrylic dentures, but dentures coating and soaking of dentures in disinfectant solutions may be an effective method to prevent biofilm formation. Biofilms on gold and amalgam are thick, but with low viability. Glass-ionomer cement collects a thin biofilm with a low viability. Biofilms on composites cause surface deterioration, which enhances biofilm formation. Biofilms on ceramics are thin and highly viable.
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