Biological apatites contain several elements as traces. In this work, Magnesium and fluorine co-substituted hydroxyapa tites with the general formula Ca 9 Mg(PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2-y F y , where y = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 were synthesized by the hydrother mal method. After calcination at 500℃ , the samples were pressureless sintered between 950℃ and 1250℃ . The substi tution of F - for OH - had a strong influence on the densification behavior and mechanical properties of the materials. Below 1200℃ , the density steeply decreased for y = 0.5 sample. XRD analysis revealed that compared to hydroxyl fluorapatite containing no magnesium, the substituted hydroxyfluorapatites decomposed, and the nature of the decom position products is tightly dependent on the fluorine content. The hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness of these materials were investigated by Vickers’s hardness testing. The highest values were 622 ± 4 GPa, 181 ± 1 GPa and 1.85 ± 0.06 MPa.m 1/2 , respectively.
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