Evaluation of the Synergistic Effect of EDTA-Functionalized Chitosan Nanoparticles on Imipenem Delivery in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Carbapenem-Resistant Strain AG1

Abstract

Metallo- β -lactamases are bacterial zinc-dependent enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of β -lactamic antibiotics representing the main cause of bacterial resistance to carbapenems, drugs of last resort for treating infections caused by multiresistant bacteria. We elaborated the hypothesis that it is possible to inhibit the enzymatic activity of metallo- β -lactamases by lowering the availability of zinc in the extracellular medium using metal chelating agents such as EDTA carried on nanoparticles. Chitosan, as linear cationic polysaccharide is frequently used in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, has been studied as a biocompatible encapsulating agent in drug delivery systems and is an ideal transport agent for bioactive molecular complexes in antibiotic applica tions due to its ability to associate with negatively charged substances. We de veloped novel nanoparticles using chitosan as a transport matrix for β -lactamic antibiotics. Nanoparticles were synthesized according to the ion gelation method using tripolyphosphate as crosslinking agent. Nanoparticles were functionalized by the adsorption of EDTA, which acts as complexifying agent for Zn 2+ ions causing inhibition of metallo- β -lactamases activity. We evaluate the antimicrobial effects of EDTA-functionalized nanoparticles with an imipenem cargo on the clinical isolate P. aeruginosa AG1, a carbapenem-resistant high-risk clone ST-111 carrying both bla IMP-18 and bla VIM-2 metallo- β -lactamases genes.