Baicalein and <i>Salvia officinalis</i> Extract Upregulate Transglutaminase 1 mRNA Expression via the Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Channel V4 — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Baicalein and <i>Salvia officinalis</i> Extract Upregulate Transglutaminase 1 mRNA Expression via the Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Channel V4
Septem-Soken 2-4-27 Dojima Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan
,
Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
,
Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
1 Septem-Soken 2-4-27 Dojima Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan
2 Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
3 Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
Background: It is important to maintain skin homeostasis for cosmetic and medical reasons. Many ceramide-related ingredients and cosmetics have been developed to improve the skin barrier function and skin hydration. Similar to extracellular lipids, the cornified envelope, which is a structure formed beneath the plasma membrane, contributes to the skin barrier function as a scaffold for extracellular lipids. Therefore, in this study, we focused on transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) which is the key enzyme for formation of the cornified envelope Objective: The objectives of this study were to identify compounds that could upregulate the expression of TGM1 and evaluate their underlying action mechanisms. Methods: Expression of the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 4 (TRPV4) at the mRNA and protein levels was estimated by PCR and western blotting. Effects of baicalein and Salvia officinalis (SO) extract on TGM1 mRNA expression were measured by PCR. The involvement of TRPV4 in TGM1 mRNA expression was evaluated by the inhibition and silencing of TRPV4. Results: TRPV4 was expressed in both basal cell-like HaCaT cells and suprabasal cell-like HaCaT cells. Baicalein and SO extract upregulated TGM1 mRNA expression in basal cell-like HaCaT cells. However, inhibition and silencing of TRPV4 abrogated the effects of baicalein and SO extract. Conclusion: Baicalein and SO extract upregulated the expression of TGM1 mRNA via the activation of TRPV4, suggesting that it may improve the skin barrier function by enhancing cornified envelope formation.
Caterina, M.J., Schumacher, M.A., Tominaga, M., Rosen, T.A., Levine, J.D. and Julius, D. (1997) The Capsaicin Receptor: A Heat-Activated Ion Channel in the Pain Pathway. Nature, 389, 816-824. https://doi.org/10.1038/39807
Jordt, S.E. and Julius, D. (2002) Molecular Basis for Species-Specific Sensitivity to “Hot” Chili Peppers. Cell, 108, 421-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00637-2
Chung, M.K., Lee, H., Mizuno, A., Suzuki, M. and Caterina, M.J. (2004) TRPV3 and TRPV4 Mediate Warmth-Evoked Currents in Primary Mouse Keratinocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 21569-21575. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M401872200
McKemy, D.D. (2005) How Cold Is It? TRPM8 and TRPA1 in the Molecular Logic of Cold Sensation. Molecular Pain, 1, Article No. 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-1-16
Caterina, M.J. and Julius, D. (2001) The Vanilloid Receptor: A Molecular Gateway to the Pain Pathway. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 487-517. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.487
Xu, H., Ramsey, I.S., Kutcha, S.A., Moran, M.M., Chong, J.A., Lawson, D., Ge, P., Lilly, J., Silos-Santiago, I., Xie, Y., Distefano, P.S., Curtis, R. and Clapham, D.E. (2002) TRPV3 Is a Calcium-Permeable Temperature-Sensitive Ion Channel. Nature, 418, 181-186. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature00882
Güler, A.D., Lee, H., Iida, T., Shimizu, I., Tominaga, M. and Caterina, M. (2002) Heat-Evoked Activation of the Ion Channel, TRPV4. The Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 6408-6414. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-15-06408.2002
Peier, A.M., Moqrich, A., Hergarden, A.C., Reeve, A.J., Andersson, D.A., Story, G.M., Earley, T.J., Dragoni, I., McIntyre, P., Bevan, S. and Patapoutian, A. (2002) A TRP Channel That Senses Cold Stimuli and Menthol. Cell, 108, 705-715. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00652-9
Denda, M., Sokabe, T., Fukumi-Tominaga, T. and Tominaga, M. (2007) Effects of Skin Surface Temperature on Epidermal Permeability Barrier Homeostasis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 127, 654-659. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700590
Kikuchi, K., Kobayashi, H., Hirao, T., Ito, A., Takahashi, H. and Tagami, H. (2003) Improvement of Mild Inflammatory Changes of the Facial Skin Induced by Winter Environment with Daily Applications of a Moisturizing Cream. A Half-Side Test of Biophysical Skin Parameters, Cytokine Expression Pattern and the Formation of Cornified Envelope. Dermatology, 207, 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1159/000073089
Eckert, R.L., Sturniolo, M.T., Broome, A.M., Ruse, M. and Rorke, E.A. (2005) Transglutaminase Function in Epidermis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 124, 481-492. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23627.x
Törma, H., Lindberg, M. and Berne, B. (2008) Skin Barrier Disruption by Sodium Lauryl Sulfate-Exposure Alters the Expressions of Involucrin, Transglutaminase 1, Profilaggrin, and Kallikreins during the Repair Phase in Human Skin in Vivo. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 128, 1212-1219. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5701170
Zasada, M., Erkiert-Polguj, A., Markowicz-Piasecka, M., Bakiewicz, A. and Budzisz, E. (2020) The Influence of Retinol Concentration in Liquid Crystal Formulation on Epidermal Growth Factor, Interleukin-6 and Transglutaminas-1 mRNA Expression in the Epidermis. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 71, 79-87. https://doi.org/10.26402/jpp.2020.1.06
Deyrieux, A.F. and Wilson, V.G. (2007) In Vitro Culture Conditions to Study Keratinocyte Differentiation Using the HaCaT Cell Line. Cytotechnology, 54, 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-007-9076-1
Yamada, T. and Aioi, A. (2019) Eucalyptus citriodora Extract Regulates Cutaneous Homeostasis Including Immune Dysregulation and Skin Barrier Dysfunction via the Modulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Delta (PPAR-Delta) Pathway. Trends in Immunotherapy, 3, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.24294/ti.v3.i1.1130
Fusi, C., Materazzi, S., Minocci, D., Maio, V., Oranges, T., Massi, D. and Nassini, R. (2014) Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) Is Downregulated in Keratinocytes in Human Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 134, 2408-2417. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2014.145
Chung, M.K., Lee, H. and Caterina, M.J. (2003) Warm Temperatures Activate TRPV4 in Mouse 308 Keratinocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278, 32037-32046. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M303251200
Radtke, C., Sinis, N., Sauter, M., Jahn, S., Kraushaar, U., Guenther, E., Rodemann, H.P. and Rennekampff, H.O. (2011) TRPV Channel Expression in Human Skin and Possible Role in Thermally Induced Cell Death. Journal of Burn Care and Research, 32, 150-159. https://doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0b013e318203350c
Grace, M.S., Bonvini, S.J., Belvisi, M.G. and McIntyre, P. (2017) Modulation of the TRPV4 Ion Channel as a Therapeutic Target for Disease. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 177, 9-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.019
Sokabe, T., Fukumi-Tominaga, T., Yonemura, S., Mizuno, A. and Tominaga, M. (2010) The TRPV4 Channel Contributes to Intercellular Junction Formation in Keratinocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 18749-18758. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.103606
Kida, N., Sokabe, T., Kashio, M., Haruna, K., Mizuno, Y., Suga, Y., Nishikawa, K., Kanamaru, A., Hongo, M., Oba, A. and Tominaga, M. (2012) Importance of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) in Epidermal Barrier Function in Human Skin Keratinocytes. Pflügers Archiv, 463, 715-725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-012-1081-3
Akazawa, Y., Yuki, T., Yoshida, H., Sugiyama, Y. and Inoue, S. (2013) Activation of TRPV4 Strengthens the Tight-Junction Barrier in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 26, 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1159/000343173
Huang, K.F., Ma, K.H., Liu, P.S., Chen, B.W. and Chueh, S.H. (2016) Baicalein Increases Keratin 1 and 10 Expression in HaCaT Keratinocytes via TRPV4 Receptor Activation. Experimental Dermatology, 25, 623-629. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.13024
Terazawa, S., Mori, S., Nakajima, H., Yasuda, M. and Imokawa, G. (2015) The UVB-Stimulated Expression of Transglutaminase 1 Is Mediated Predominantly via the NFκB Signaling Pathway: New Evidence of Its Significant Attenuation through the Specific Interruption of the p38/MSK1/NFκBp65 Ser276 Axis. PLoS ONE, 10, e0136311. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136311