Waste material from the fishing industry disposed off-shore exceeds 250 billion tons/year, and it is considered hazardous due to its high perishability and polluting effect, both on land and sea. Considering the actual production of chitin, chitosan and oligosaccharides from crustaceons, it is understandable how difficult it is to eliminate all the waste material obtained from food industry, therefore the need for more innovation and creativity. With this in mind we propose an industrial use of the natural chitin nanocrystals (known as chitin-nanofibrils-CN) to produce innovative cosmetics, food supplements and protective films that can improve our way of living while saving the environment.
KeywordsWasteChitinChitin Nanofibrils
N. New, T. Furuike and H. Tamura, “Chitin and Chitosan from Terrestrial Organisms,” In: S.-K. Kim, Ed., Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives, CRC Press, New York, 2011, pp. 3-10.
FAOSTA, “FAO Statistical Databases, Fisheries Data,” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2001. www.fao.org
M. Healy, A. Green and A. Healy, “Bio-processing of Marine Crustacean Shell Waste,” Acta Biotechnologica, Vol. 23, No. 2-3, 2003, pp. 151-160. doi:10.1002/abio.200390023
M. Islam, S. Khan and M. Tanaka, “Waste Loading in Shrimp and Fish Processing Effluents: Potential Source of Hazards to the Coastal and Nearshore Environments,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1-2, 2004, pp. 103-110. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.01.018
W. M. Brück, J. W. Slater and B. F. Carney, “Chitin and Chitosan from Marine Organisms,” In: S.-K. Kim, Ed., Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives, CRC Press, New York, 2011, pp. 11-23
R. N. Tharanathan and F. S. Kittur, “Chitin―The Undisrupted Biomolecule of Great Potential,” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2003, pp. 61-87. doi:10.1080/10408690390826455
J. K. Vidanarachchi, M. S. Kurukula Suriya and S.-K. Kim, “Chitin, Chitosan and Their Oligosaccharides,” In: S.-K. Kim, Ed., Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives, CRC Press, New York, 2011, pp. 543-560
P. Morganti, “Chitin-Nanofibrils in Skin Treatment,” Journal of Applied Cosmetology, Vol. 27, 2009, pp. 251-270.
P. Morganti, Y. H. Lee, and G. Morganti, “Nano-Structured Products: Technology and Future,” Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2008, pp. 253-260.
P. Morganti, P. Del Ciotto, G. Morganti, V. Fabien-Soulé, “Application of Chitin Nanofibrils and Collagen of Marine Origin as Bioactive Ingredients,” In: S.-K. Kim, Ed., Marine Cosmeceuticals: Latest Trends and Prospects, CRC Press, New York, 2010.
P. Morganti, “Chitin Nanofibrils and Their Derivatives as Cosmecuticals,” In: S.-K. Kim, Ed., Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives, CRC Press, New York, 2011, pp. 531-542.
P. Morganti, H. D. Chen, H. H. Gao, Y. Li, C. Jacobson, J. Arct and W. Fabianowski, “Nanoscience Challenging Cosmetics, Healthy Food & Biotextiles,” Personal Care & Cosmetics,Vol. 135, No. 4, 2009, pp. 32-41.
MAVI Sud. PCT/IB2005/053576.
R. A. A. Muzzarelli, P. Morganti, G. Morganti, P. Palombo, M. Palombo, G. Biagini, M. Mattioli Belmonte, F. Giantomassi, F. Orlandi and C. Muzzarelli, “Chitin Nanofibrils/Chitosan Composites as Wound Medicaments,” Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 70, No. 3, 2007, pp. 274-284. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.04.008
M. Mattioli-Belmonte, A. Zizzi, G. Lucarini, F. Giantomassi, G. Biagini, G. Tucci, F. Orlando, M. Provinciali, F. Carezzi and P. Morganti, “Chitosan-linked to chitosan glycolate as Spray, Gel, and Gauze Preparations for Wound Repair,” Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers, Vol. 22, No. 5, 2007, pp. 525-538. doi:10.1177/0883911507082157
P. Mezzana, “Clinical Efficacy of a New Chitin-Nanofibrils Based Gel in Wound Healing,” Acta Chirurgiae Plasticae, Vol. 50, No. 3, 2008, pp. 81-84.
P. Morganti and P. Gioia, “Studies on Bio-Textiles Activity,” 2010, unpublished data.
P. Morganti and M. Palombo, “A Cicatrizing Activity of a Novel-Gel Based on the Use of Chitin-Nanofibrils in the Short and Long Period,” Journal of Applied Cosmetology, 2011, in print.
S. P. Vys, R. Paliwal and S. R. Paliwal, “Chitosan/Chitosan Derivatives as Carriers and Immunoadjuvants in Vaccine Delivery,” In: S.-K. Kim, Ed., Chitin, Chitosan, oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives, CRC Press, New York, 2010, pp. 339-356. doi:10.1201/EBK1439816035-c25
P. Morganti, Y.-H. Li and H.-D. Chen, “NICE Melody for Innovative Mind-Body Skin Care,” Cosmetic Science Technology, Vol. 21, 2011, pp. 49-59.
P. Morganti and H.-D. Chen, “Skin Life and Cell Management: The NICE Approach,” Personal Care, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2011, pp. 29-36.
R. A. A. Muzzarelli, “Human Enzymatic Activities Related to the Therapeutic Administration of Chitin Derivatives,” Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Vol. 53, 1997, pp. 267-276.
Y. Hayashi, “Applications of Chitosan Oligosaccharide and Glucosamine in Dentistry,” In: S.-K. Kim, Ed., Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives, CRC Press, New York, 2011, pp. 447-460.
P. Morganti, G. Morganti, G. Fabrizi and A. Cardillo, “A New Sun to Rejuvenate the Skin,” Journal of Applied Cosmetology, Vol. 26, No. 4, 2008, pp. 159-168.
F. S. Madonna Terracina, G. Novelli and M. Valeriani, “BI.LA.P (Biostimulation Laser Peeling): Multidrugs Biostimulation and Erbium: Yag Superficial Laser Peeling. A New Technique to Treat Moderate Photodamaged Skin,” Journal of Applied Cosmetology, Vol. 26, No. 4, 2008, pp. 169-178.
P. Morganti, M. Palombo, P. Palombo, G. Fabrizi, A. Cardillo, F. Carezzi, G. Morganti, E. Ruocco, S. Dziergowski, “Cosmetic Science in Skin Aging: Achieving the Efficacy by the Chitin Nano-Structured Crystallites,” SOFW-Journal, Vol. 136, No. 3, 2010, pp. 14-24.
P. Morganti, “Chitin Nanofibrils for Cosmetic,” Cosmetics and Toiletries USA Edition, Vol. 125, No. 4, 2010, pp. 36-39.
G. Biagini, A. Zizzi, F. Giantomassi, F. Orlando, G. Lucarini, M. Mattioli Belmonte, M. G. Tucci and P. Morganti, “Cutaneous Absorption of Nanostructured Chitin Associated with Natural Synergistic Molecules (Lutein),” Journal of Applied Cosmetology, Vol. 26, No. 2, 2008, pp. 69-80.
P. Morganti, G. Fabrizi, M.Palombo, F. Guarneri, A. Cardillo and G. Morganti, “New Chitin Complexes and Their Anti-aging Activity from Inside out,” The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 2011, in print.
P. Morganti, G. Fabrizi, F. Guarneri, M. Palombo, P. Palombo, A. Cardillo, E. Ruocco, P. Del Ciotto and G. Morganti, “Repair Activity of Skin Barrier by Chitin- Nanofibrils Complexes,” S?fw Journal, 2011, in print.
P. Morganti, E. Berardesca, B. Guarneri, F. Guarneri, G. Fabrizi, P. Palombo and M. Palombo, “Topical Clindamicyn 1% vs Phosphatidylcholine Linoleic Acid-Rich and Nicotinamide 4% in the Treatment of Acne: A Multicenter—Randomized Trial,” International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Vol. 33, 2011, pp. 1-10.
P. Morganti, “Chitin Nanofibrils in Textiles,” Speciality Chemicals Magazine, Vol. 28, No. 9, 2008, p. 26.
G. Tishchenko, J. Peter, E. Pavlová, J. Brus, M. Netopilík, M. Pekárek, Z. Sedláková, E. Y. Rosova, M. Smirnov and G. K. Elyashevich, “Chitin Whisker-Reinforced Chitosan Films Formed under Applied Electric Field,” The 4th Visegrad Conference on Membrane Science and Technology, Prague, 7-11 June 2009, p. 156.
G. Tishchenko, J. Peter, E. Pavlová, J. Brus, M. Netopilík, M. Pekárek, Z. Sedláková, E. Y. Rosova, M. Smirnov and G. K. Elyashevich, “Effect of Applied Electric Field on Structure and Permeability of Chitin Whiskers-Rein- forced Chitosan Membranes,” 73rd Prague Meeting on Macromolecules, Praha, 5-9 July 2009, p. 137.
A. Chianese, M. Stoller, J. Haack, W. Opaka and P. Morganti, “Bactericidal Activity of Chitin/Chitosan Based Water-Filters,” 2010, unpublished data.