Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis by 100% Topical Pumpkin Seed Oil — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis by 100% Topical Pumpkin Seed Oil
Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraqi and Arab Board for Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
,
Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraqi and Arab Board for Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
,
Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
1 Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraqi and Arab Board for Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
2 Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraqi and Arab Board for Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
3 Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a major oral health problem, where its etiopathogenesis is not well understood. Accordingly, its therapy whether topical or systemic can induce clearance , but the relapse rate is high. Objective: To use 100% topical pumpkin seed oil in RAS as it has many actions as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Patients and Methods: This single, blind, clinical, therapeutic trial was conducted in the Department of Dermatology-Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, during February 2015 - August 2016. Twenty-five patients with RAS were included in this work. After full history and clinical examination, the clinical diagnosis was established. Oral clinical manifestation index score (OCMI) was carried out before, during and after stopping therapy to assess the different parameters of this score. 100% Topical pumpkin seed oil was given two time s daily for 3 months during which short term assessment for each patient was done by using OCMI before, after 4 days and after 8 days of therapy in addition to assessing the mean size of largest diameter of ulcers in each visit to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the therapy, while long term assessment of the OCMI was done every month for 3 months after starting of the therapy to evaluate the prophylactic effect of the therapy. After 3 months, pumpkin seed oil was stopped and assessment of OCMI was done monthly for another 3 months to evaluate the remission action of pumpkin seed oil. Results: Twenty-five patients were included in this study : 15 (60%) males and 10 (40%) females. While their ages ranged from 9 - 60 (27.48 ± 11.97) years. The mean of OCMI before pumpkin seed oil therapy was ranged from 9 - 15 (12.96 ± 1.42), while after the therapy the mean started to decline to lower level within 4 days of therapy and was statistically significant (p < 0.0001) and continued to decline significantly till the end of third month of therapy (p < 0.0001). The percent reduction was 79.30% after 4 days of therapy and 94.38% after 8 days of therapy. After stopping therapy, the mean of OCMI started to increase, but it is remained statistically highly significant (p < 0.0001) at the end of third months after stopping therapy when it is compared with baseline mean of OCMI. Conclusion: Pumpkin seed oil had an effective therapeutic and prophylactic action against RAS, in addition , it induced remission for at least 3 months after stopping therapy. No local or systemic side effects were observed during the course of therapy.
Jurge, S., Kuffer, R., Scully, C. and Porter, S.R. (2006) Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Oral Diseases, 12, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01143.x
Scully, C., Gorsky, M. and Lozada-Nur, F. (2003) The Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Consensus Approach. Journal of the American Dental Association, 134, 200-207. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0134
Riera Matute, G. and Riera Alonso, E. (2011) Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Rhumatology. Reumatología Clínica, 7, 323-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reumae.2011.05.002
Scully, C. and Porter, S. (2008) Oral Mucosal Disease: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 46, 198-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2007.07.201
Yilmaz, S. and Cimen, K.A. (2010) Familial Behcet’s Disease. Rheumatology International, 30, 1107-1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-009-1036-y
Albanidou-Farmaki, E., Deligiannidis, A., Markopoulos, A.K., Katsares, V., Farmakis, K. and Parapanissiou, E. (2008) HLA Haplotypes in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Mode of Inheritance. International Journal of Immunogenetics, 35, 427-432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2008.00801.x
Lewkowicz, N., Lewkowic, P., Kurnatowska, A., Banasik, M., Glowacka, E., Cedzynski, M., Swierzko, A., Lauk-puchala, B. and Tchorzewski, H. (2003) Innate Immune System Is Implicated in Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer Pathogenesis. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 32, 475-481. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00181.x
Bachtior, E.W., Cornain, S., Siregor, B. and Rohorjo, T.W. (1999) Decreased CD+4/CD+8 Ratio in Major Type of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Comparing Major to Minor Types of Ulcers. Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology, 16, 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1999.tb01986.x
Healy, C.M. and Thornhill, M.H. (1999) Induction of Adhesion Molecule Expression on Blood Vessels and Keratinocytes in Recurrent Oral Ulceration. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 28, 5-11.
Eguia-del Valle, A., Martinez-Conde-Llamosas, R., Lopez-Vicente, J., Uribarri-Etxebarria, A. and Aguirre-Urizar, J.M. (2011) Salivary Levels of Tumor Necrotic Factor—Alpha in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal, 16, 33-36. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.16.e33
Borra, R.C., de Mesquita Barros, F., de Andrade Lotufo, M., Villanova, F.E. and Andrade, P.M. (2009) Toll-Like Receptor Activity in Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 38, 289-298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00743.x
HayrinenImmonen, R. (1992) Immnue-Activation in Recurrent Oral Ulcers. Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research, 100, 222-227.
Brozovic, S., Vucicevic-Boras, V., Mrovak-Stipetic, M. and Jukic, S. (2002) Salivary Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 31, 106-108. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2002.310208.x
Natah, S.S., Konttinen, Y.T., Enattah, N.S., Ashammakhi, N., Sharkey, K.A. and Hayrinen-Immonen, R. (2004) Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers Today: A Review of Growing Knowledge. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 33, 221-234. https://doi.org/10.1006/ijom.2002.0446
Darniroglu, H. and Dundar, S. (1997) Behcet’s Disease and Chronic Neutropenia. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 26, 130-132. https://doi.org/10.3109/03009749709115832
Victoria, J.M., Kalapothakis, E., de Silva, J.F. and Gomez, R.S. (2003) Helicobacter Pylori DNA in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 32, 219-223. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00136.x
Tas, D.A., Yakar, T., Sakalli, H. and Serin, E. (2013) Impact of Helicobacter Pylori on the Clinical Course of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 42, 89-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01197.x
Ghodratnama, F., Wray, D. and Bagg, J. (1999) Detection of Serum Antibodies against Cytomegalovirus, Varicella Zoster Virus and Human Herpesvirus 6 in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 28, 12-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1999.tb01987.x
Crispian, S. (2004) Aphthous Ulcers. Medicine Specialties Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery. 11.
McCurtan, B.E. and Sullivan, A. (1992) The Association of Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy and Menopause with Recurrent Oral Aphthous Stomatitis: A Review and Critique. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 80, 455-458.
Tuzun, B., Wolf, R., Tuzun, Y. and Serdaroglu, S. (2000) Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Smoking. International Journal of Dermatology, 39, 358-360. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-4362.2000.00963.x
Floto, R.A. and Smith, K.G. (2003) The Vagus Nerve, Macrophages and Nicotine. The Lancet, 361, 1069-1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12902-9
Scheid, P., Bohadana, A. and Martinet, Y. (2000) Nicotine Patches for Aphthous Ulcers Due to Behcet’s Syndrome. The New England Journal of Medicine, 343, 1816. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200012143432418
Gallo Cde, B., Mimura, M.A. and Sugaya, N.N. (2009) Pschological Stress and Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Clinics (Sao Paulo), 64, 645-648.
Sharquie, K.E. and Najim, R.A. (2001) Honey as a New Skin Tissue Preservative. Journal of Pan-Arab League of Dermatologists, 12, 49-54.
Sharquie, K.E., Al-Tammimy, S.M., Al-Mashhadani, S., Hayani, R.K. and Al-Nuaimy, A.A. (2006) Lactic Acid 5 Percent Mouthwash Is an Effective Mode of Therapy in Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcerations. Dermatology Online Journal, 12, 2.
Sharquie, K.E., AL-mashhaddani, Al-Nuaimy, A.A. and Shubber, S.A. (2006) The Therapeutic and Prophylactic Efficacy of 5% Lactic Acid, 5% Zinc Sulphate Mouth Wash and Topical 100% Nigella sativa Oil in Management of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers.
Sharquie, K.E. and Hayani, R.K. (2004) BCG as a New Therapeutic and Prophylactic Agent in Patients with Sever Oral Aphthosis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 22, 120.
Sharquie, K.E., Najim, R.A., Al-Hayani, R.K., Al-Nuaimy, A.A. and Maroof, D.M. (2008) The Therapeutic and Prophylactic Role of Oral Zinc Sulfate in Management of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (Ras) in Comparison with Dapsone. Saudi Medical Journal, 29, 734-738.
De Abreu, M.A., Hirata, C.H., Pimentel, D.R. and Weckx, L.L. (2009) Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis with Clofazimine. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 108, 714-721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.009
Femiano, F., Buonaiuto, C., Gombos, F., Lanza, A. and Cirillo, N. (2010) Pilot Study on Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS): A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial for the Comparative Therapeutic Effects of Systemic Prednisone and Systemic Montelukast in Subjects Unresponsive to Topical Therapy. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 109, 402-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.10.024
Pakfetrat, A., Mansourian, A., Momen-Heravi, F., et al. (2010) Comparison of Colchicine versus Prednisolone in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Clinical & Investigative Medicine, 33, 189-195. https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v33i3.13725
Sharquie, K.E., Najim, R.A. and Abu-Raghif, A.R. (2002) Dapsone in Behcet’s Disease: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study. The Journal of Dermatology, 29, 267-279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2002.tb00263.x
Fontes, V., Machet, L., Huttenberger, B., Lorette, G. and Vaillant, L. (2002) Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: Treatment with Colchicine. An Open Trial of 54 Cases. Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie, 129, 1365-1369.
Sharquie, K.E., Helmi, R.M., Noiami, A.A., Al-Hayani, R.K. and Kadhom, M.A. (2015) Therapeutic Role of Isotretinoin in the Management of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (Single-Blind Controlled Therapeutic Study). Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 5, 15-21. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcdsa.2015.51003
Nwokolo, E. and Sim, J.S. (1987) Nutritional Assessment of Defatted Oil Meals of Melon (Colocynthiscitrullus L.) and Fluted Pumpkin (Telfariaoccidentalis Hook) by Chick Assay. Journal of Science and Food Agriculture, 38, 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740380307
Stevenson, D.G., Eller, F.J., Wang, L., Jane, J.L., Wang, T. and Inglett, G.E. (2007) Oil and Tocopherol Content and Composition of Pumpkin Seed Oil in 12 Cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 4005-4013. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0706979
Murkovic, M.V., Piironen, A.M., Lampi, T.K. and Sontag, G. (2004) Changes in Chemical Composition of Pumpkin Seeds during Roasting Process for Production of Pumpkin Seed Oil. Food Chemistry, 84, 359-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00240-1
Szterk, A., Roszko, M., Sosińska, E., Derewiaka, D. and Lewicki, P. (2010) Chemical Composition and Oxidative Stability of Selected Plant Oils. Journal of American Oil Chemist’s Society, 87, 637-645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-009-1539-4
Sotelo, A., López-García, S. and Basurto-Pena, F. (2007) Content of Nutrient and Antinutrient in Edible Flowers of Wild Plants in Mexico. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 62, 133-138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-007-0053-9
Imaeda, N., Tokudome, Y., Ikeda, M., et al. (1999) Foods Contributing to Absolute Intake and Variance in Intake of Selected Vitamins, Minerals and Dietary Fiber in Middle-Aged Japanese. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 45, 519-532. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.45.519
Dang, C. (2004) Effect of Pumpkin Distillable Subject on Lipid Peroxidation and the Activity of Antioxidative Enzyme Induced by Plumbum in Mouse. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, 8, 4378-4379. (In Chinese)
Xu, G.H. (2000) A Study of the Possible Antitumour Effect and Immunompetence of Pumpkin Polysaccharide. J Wuhan Prof Med Coll., 28, 1-4.
De Oliveira, M.L.M., Nunes-Pinheiro, D.C.S., Bezerra, B.M.O., Leite, L.O., Tomé, A.R. and Girao, V.C.C. (2013) Topical Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo L.) Seed Oil on Acute and Chronic Skin Inflammation in Mice. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 41, 1168.
Hammer, K.A., Carson, C.F. and Riley, T.V. (1999) Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Other Plant Extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 86, 985-990. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00780.x
MacGibbon, D.B. and Mann, J.D. (1986) Inhibition of Animal and Pathogenic Fungal Proteases by Phloem Exudate from Pumpkin Fruits (Cucurbitaceae). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 37, 515-522. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740370602
Huang, X.E., Hirose, K., Wakai, K., et al. (2004) Comparison of Lifestyle Risk Factors by Family History for Gastric, Breast, Lung and Colorectal Cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 5, 419-427.
Sharquie, K.E., AL-mashhaddani, Al-Nuaimy, A.A., Hayani, R.K. and Shubber, S.A. (2012) Lactic Acid 5% Mouthwash Is an Effective Therapeutic and Prophylactic Agent in Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer. The Iraq Postgradute Medical Journal, 11, 3.