Improving 21<sup>st</sup> Century Cancer Therapy: Correcting Treatment Paradoxes and Combining Integrative and Conventional Oncology — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Improving 21<sup>st</sup> Century Cancer Therapy: Correcting Treatment Paradoxes and Combining Integrative and Conventional Oncology
Sallie A Burdine Breast Foundation and Elliott Mastology Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
,
Sallie A Burdine Breast Foundation and Elliott Mastology Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
,
Sallie A Burdine Breast Foundation and Elliott Mastology Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
1 Sallie A Burdine Breast Foundation and Elliott Mastology Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
2 Sallie A Burdine Breast Foundation and Elliott Mastology Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
3 Sallie A Burdine Breast Foundation and Elliott Mastology Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
Recently there have been many advances in cancer treatment, however, treatment results would be much better if clinical oncologist s were educated on the research of cancer metabolism and basic cancer immunology. Many medical oncologists have deficiency in these areas and are devoted to treatment protocols and totally against integrative oncology. One neglected problem is a lack of attention to the cancer patient’s host immunity, which should be evaluated at diagnosis. This huge barrier between integrative and conventional oncology should be eliminated for the benefit of the cancer patient. This communication is an attempt to resolve these important treatment details and bring awareness to this problem .
Elliott, R.L. (2011) Cancer Immunotherapy More than Vaccines “Psychoneuro-Immunooncology: Cancer, the Host, and the Surgeon”. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 2, 401-407. https://doi.org/10.4236/jct.2011.23055
Coley, W.B. (1893) The Treatment of Malignant Tumors by Repeated Inoculations of Erysipelas: With a Report of Ten Original Cases. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 105, 487. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-189305000-00001
Elliott, R.L. and Head, J.F. (2005) Host Immunity Ignored in Clinical Oncology: A Medical Opinion. Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, 20, 119-121. https://doi.org/10.1089/cbr.2005.20.123
Urosevic, M. and Reinhard, D. (2008) Human Leukocyte Antigen-G and Cancer Immunoediting. Cancer Research, 68, 627-630. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2704
Riesco, A. (1970) Five-Year Cancer Cure: Relation to Total Amount of Peripheral Lymphocytes and Neutrophils. Cancer, 25, 135. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(197001)25:1 3.0.CO;2-9
Fumagalli, L.A., Vinke, J., Hoff, W., et al. (2003) Lymphocyte Counts Independently Predict Overall Survival in Advanced Cancer Patients: A Biomarker for IL-2 Immunotherapy. Journal of Immunotherapy, 26, 394. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002371-200309000-00002
Lindermann, A., Brossart, P., Hoffken, K., et al. (1993) Immunomodulatory Effect of Ultra-Low-Dose Interleukin-2 in Cancer Patients: A Phase-1B Study. Cancer Immunotherapy, 37, 307. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01518453
Blaser, M.J. (2014) Missing Microbes: How the Overuse of Antibiotics Is Fueling Our Modern Plagues. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20, 1961. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2011.141052
Elliott, R.L., Jiang, X.P. and Baucom, C.C. (2018) Antibiotics Friend and Foe: From Wonder Drug to Causing Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Disrupting Human Microbiome and Promoting Tumorigenesis. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9, 182-186. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2018.93016
Routy, B., Chatelier, E.L., Derosa, L., et al. (2018) Gut Microbiome Influences Efficacy of PD-1 Based Immunotherapy against Epithelial Tumors. Science, 359, 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan3706
Matson, V., Fessler, J., Bao, R., et al. (2018) The Commensal Microbiome Is Associated with Anti-PD-1 Efficacy in Metastatic Melanoma Patients. Science, 359, 104-108. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao3290
Beck, K.E., Blansfield, J.A., Tran, K.Q., et al. (2006) Enterocolitis in Patients with Cancer after Antibody Blockade of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 24, 2283-2289. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.04.5716
Bermen, D., Parker, S., Siegal, J., et al. (2010) Blockade of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Andtigen-4 by Ipilimumab Results in Dysregulation of Gastrointestinal Immunity in Patients with Advanced Melanoma. Cancer Immunology, 10, 11.
Viaud, S., Saccheri, F., Mignot, G., et al. (2013) The Intestinal Microbiota Modulates the Anticancer Immune Effects of Cyclophosphamide. Science, 342, 971-976. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1240537
Elliott, R.L., Jiang, X.P. and Head, J.F. (2014) Want to Cure Cancer? Then Revisit the Past; “Warburg Was Correct” Cancer Is a Metabolic Disease. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 5, 297-305. https://doi.org/10.4236/jct.2014.53036
Seyfried, T.N. and Shelton, L.M. (2010) Cancer as a Metabolic Disease. Nutrition and Metabolism, 7, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-7-7
Seyfried, T.N. (2012) Cancer as a Metabolic Disease (on the Origin, Management, and Prevention of Cancer). Wiley, Hoboken. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118310311
Warburg, O., Wind, F. and Negleis, E. (1930) On the Metabolism of Tumors in the Body. In: Warburg, O., Ed, The Metabolism of Tumors, Constable, Princeton, 254-270.
Warburg, O. (1956) On the Origin of Cancer Cells. Science, 123, 309-314. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.123.3191.309
Hanahan, D. and Weinberg, R.A. (2000) The Hallmarks of Cancer. Cell, 100, 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9
Seyfried, T.N. and Muckherjee, P. (2005) Targeting Energy Metabolism in Brain Cancer, Review and Hypothesis. Nutrition and Metabolism, 2, 30.
Semenga, G.L., Castemor, D., Bede, A., et al. (2001) The Metabolism of Tumors: 70 Years Later. In: Goode, J.A. and Chadwick, D.J., Eds., The Tumor Microenvironment: Causes and Consequences of Hypoxia and Acidity: Novartis Foundation Symposium 240, Wiley, New York, 251-260. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470868716.ch17
Ristow, M. (2006) Oxidative Metabolism in Cancer Growth. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 9, 339-345. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mco.0000232892.43921.98
Gatenby, R.A. and Gillios, F.J. (2004) Why Do Cancers Have High Aerobic Glycolysis. Nature Reviews Cancer, 4, 891-899. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1478
Gogvadze, V., Orrenius, S. and Zhivolorsky, B. (2008) Mitochondria in Cancer Cells: What Is So Special about Them? Trends in Cell Biology, 18, 165-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2008.01.006
Elliott, R.L. and Head, J.F. (2012) Cancer: Tumor from Metabolism, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Tumor Immuno-Suppression: A Tight Partnership—Was Warburg Correct? Journal of Cancer Therapy, 3, 278-311. https://doi.org/10.4236/jct.2012.34039
Elliott, R.L. (2019) 21st Century Cancer Treatment “What’s Missing? Wake Up Oncology”. International Journal of Innovative Studies in Medical Sciences, 2, 11-12.