Transforming Growth Factor and the Role of Epigenetic Aberrancies in Oncogenic Amplifications: A New Perspective in Preventive and Therapeutic Arena — Oak Academic Publishing
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Transforming Growth Factor and the Role of Epigenetic Aberrancies in Oncogenic Amplifications: A New Perspective in Preventive and Therapeutic Arena
Orange Coast Medical Center of Hope, Sahel Oncology, Newport Beach, USA
,
California Cancer Associates for Research and Excellence, Fresno, USA
,
San Diego Radiation Oncology and Proton Western Cancer Center, San Diego, USA
1 Orange Coast Medical Center of Hope, Sahel Oncology, Newport Beach, USA
2 California Cancer Associates for Research and Excellence, Fresno, USA
3 San Diego Radiation Oncology and Proton Western Cancer Center, San Diego, USA
Three genetic mechanisms activate oncogenes in human neoplasms: 1) mutations , 2) gene amplification, and 3) chromosome rearrangements. These mec hanisms result in either an alteration of protooncogene structure or an increase in protooncogene expression. The role of epigenetic aberrancies in carcinogenesis has been described earlier however to clinicians , the biological implications of epigenetic therapies to prevent cancer and the mechanisms involved ha ve been a mystery. Furthermore, there is no biomarker suggested to track the carcinogenesis steps long before cancer develops, and this has caused a significa nt lack of proactive and preventive measures to be taken as all recommenda ti ons in preventive oncology are either deficient ly and blindly made or thro ugh scree ning methods which are too late in the game. Here we explored a very differ ent approach by applying our deepest understanding of epigenetics and carcinogenesis and even further we developed a framework where our clinical findings could translate to the research and vice versa by generating advanced and no vel hypothes e s on “how we get cancer”, by exploring the relation between t he host and the tumor cells in a way no one had perceived before. The role of spec ific cancer stem cell pathways is dissected and how to inhibit each of these in itiators using multitargeted epigenetic therapies and off - label medications are explained. We should admit that w ithout considering this sophisticated amazing biological network, cancer will remain an unsolved challenge. Further , we were able to solve this unsolved puzzle by bridging the gap from a hypot hetical point of view/hypothesis to possibilities that explain the clinical findings we had observed, and conclude that such an approach can completely change t he way practitioners are treating cancer.
KeywordsTumor Onco-PromotorGene MutationsGene AmplificationsEpigenetics Multi Targeted Epigenetic Therapies
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