PECAM-1 is an adhesion molecule that plays an important role in the process of tumour disease dissemination since a function in transendothelial migration, angiogenesis and immune response has been shown for this membrane protein. Nevertheless the expression of PECAM-1 protein in solid tumours is a controversial matter and it has not been clarified so far. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate PECAM-1 expression by immunohistochemistry in primary carci-nomas from colon, breast, bladder, ovary and kidney, and in their metastases. In addition an example of primary and metastatic melanoma was also investigated. We found that PECAM-1 is expressed in the metastases of all primary car-cinomas that express PECAM-1 (colorectal, breast and urothelial bladder). By the contrary metastases from primary carcinomas non-expressing PECAM-1 are also negative for expression. In conclusion, our findings support a possible role of this molecule in metastatic development of a subset of malignant human epithelial tumours.t
H. Stockinger, S. J. Gadd, R. Eher, O. Madjdic, et al., “Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of the Leukocyte Surface Protein CD31,” Journal of Immunology, Vol. 11, 1990, pp. 3889-3897.
P. Newman, M. Berndt, J. Gorski, et al., “PECAM-1 (CD31) Cloning and Relation to Adhesion Molecules of the Immunoglobulin Gene Superfamily,” Science, Vol. 247, 1990, pp. 1219-1222.
P. Newman, “The Biology of PECAM-1,” Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol. 99, No. 1, 1997, pp. 3-8.
P. Newman and S. Albelda, “Cellular and Molecular As-pects of PECAM-1,” Nouv Rev Fr Hematol, Vol. 34, Supplement S9-13, 1992.
L. Piali, B. Imhof and R. Gisler, “Adhesion Molecule PECAM-1/CD31 Is Expressed on Defined Subsets of Murine LAK Cells,” Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Vol. 355, 1994, pp. 147-153.
S. Albelda, “Endothelial and Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecules,” American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Vol. 4, 1991, pp. 195-203.
S. Albelda, W. Muller, C. Buck and P. Newman, “Mo-lecular and Cellular Properties of PECAM-1 (Endo-cam/CD31): A Novel Vascular Cell-Cell Adhesion Molecule,” Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 114, 1991, pp. 1059- 1068.
J. C. Fawcett, C. L. Buckley, I. N. Holness, J. H. Bird, J. Spragg and A. Sauders, “Mapping the Homotipic Binding Sites in CD31 and the Role of CD31 in the Formation of Interendothelial Cells Contacts,” Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 128, 1995, pp. 1229-1241.
L. Piali, P. Hammel, C. Uherek, et al., “CD31/PECAM-1 Is a Ligand for Alpha V Beta 3 Integrin Involved In Ad-hesion of Leukocytes to Endothelium,” Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 130, 1995, pp. 451-460.
R. Chiba, N. Nakagawa, K. Kurasawa, Y. Tanaka, Y. Saito and I. Iwamoto, “Ligation of CD31 (PECAM-1) on Endothelial Cells Increases Adhesive Function of Al-phavbeta3 Integrin and Enhances Beta1 Integrin- Mediated Adhesion of Eosinophils to Endothelial Cells,” Blood, Vol. 94, 1999, pp. 1319-1329.
H. DeLisser, H. Yan, P. Newman, W. Muller, C. Buck, S. Albelda, “Platelet/endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CD31)-Mediated Cellular Aggregation Involves Cell Surface Glycosaminoglycans,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 268, 1993, pp. 16037-16046.
M. Streuli, “Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Signalling,” Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Vol. 8, 1996, pp. 182-188.
N. Ilan, L. Cheung, E. Pinter and J. A. Madri, “Platelet- Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CD31), a Scaf-folding Molecule for Selected Catenin Family Members Whose Binding Is Mediated by Different Tyrosine and Serine/Threonine Phosphorylation,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 275, 2000, pp. 21435-21443.
S. Bogen, J. Pak, M. Garifallou, X. Deng and W. Muller, “Monoclonal Antibody to Murine PECAM-1 (CD31) Blocks Acute Inflammation in Vivo,” Journal of Experi-mental Medicine, Vol. 179, 1994, pp. 1059-1064.
A. Vaporciyan, H. DeLisser, H. Yan, et al., “Involvement of Platelet-Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Neu-trophil Recruitment in Vivo,” Science, Vol. 262, 1993, pp. 1580-1582.
J. L. Zehnder, M. Shatsky, L. L. K. Leung, E. C. Batcher, et al., “Involvement of CD31 in Lymphocyte Mediated Inmune Responses: Importance of the Membrane Proximal Immunoglobuline Domain and Identification of an Inhibiting CD31 Peptide,” Blood, Vol. 85, 1995, pp. 1282-1288.
M. E. Berman, Y. Xie, W. A. Muller, “Roles of PE-CAM-1 in Natural Killer Cell Trans Endothelial Migration and Beta-2 Integrin Activation,” Journal of Immunology, Vol. 156, 1996, pp. 1515-1524.
V. Lutzky, R. Carnevale, M. Alvarez, P. Maffia, S. Zit-termann, O. Podhajcer. et al., “Platelet-Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CD31) Recycles and Induces Cell Growth Inhibition on Human Tumor Cell Lines,” Journal of Cell Biochemistry, Vol. 98, 2005, pp. 1334-1350.
H. DeLisser, M. Christofidou-Solomidou, R. Strieter, et al., “Involvement of Endothelial PECAM-1/CD31 in Angio-genesis,” American Journal of Pathology, Vol. 151, 1997, pp. 671-677.
J. Bischoff, “Cell Adhesion and Angiogenesis,” Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol. 99, 1997, pp. 373-376.
S. Kondo, E. Scheef, N. Sheibani and C. Sorenson, “PECAM-1 Isoform-Specific Regulation of Kidney En-dothelial Cell Migration and Capillary Morphogenesis,” American Journal of Physiology, Vol. 292, 2007, pp. 2070-2083.
C. Bergom, C. Gao and P. Newman, “ Mechanisms of PECAM-1-Mediated Cytoprotection and Implications for Cancer Cell Survival,” Leuk Lymphoma, Vol. 46, No. 10, 2005, pp. 1409-1421.
C. Bergom, R. Goel, C. Paddock, C. Gao, D. K. Newman, S. Matsuyama and P. J. Newman, “The Cell-Adhesion and Signaling Molecule PECAM-1 Is a Molecular Mediator of Resistance to Genotoxic Chemotherapy,” Cancer Biology & Therapy, Vol. 5, No. 12, 2006, pp. 1699-1707.
S. Ibrahim, I. Jilani, S. O’Brien, A. Rogers, T. Manshouri, F. Giles, et al., “Clinical Relevance of the Expression of the CD31 Ligand for CD38 in Patients with B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia,” American Cancer So-ciety, Vol. 97, No. 8, 2003, pp. 1914-1919.
A. Darom, I. Gomatos, E. Leandros, E. Chatzigianni, D. Panousopoulos, Konstadoulakis and G. Androulakis, “Molecular Markers (PECAM-1, ICAM-3, HLA-DR) Determine Prognosis in Primary Non-Hodgkin’s Gastric Lymphoma Patients,” World Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 12, No. 12, 2006, pp. 1924-1932.
D. Tang, Y. Chen, P. Newman, et al., “Identification of PECAM-1 in Solid Tumour Cells and Its Potential In-volvement in Tumour Cell Adhesion to Endothelium,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 268, 1993, pp. 22883-22894.
F. Aroca, W. Renaud, C. Bartoli and C. Bouvier-lavit, “Expression of PECAM-1/CD31 Isoforms in Human Brain Gliomas,” Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Vol. 43, 1999, pp. 19-25.
E. Roos, “Adhesion Molecules in Lymphoma Metastasis,” Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, Vol. 10, 1991, pp. 33-48.
S. Fox, G. Turner, R. Leek, R. Whitehouse, K. Gatter and A. Harris, “The Prognostic Value of Quantitative Angio-genesis in Breast Cancer and Role of Adhesion Molecule Expression in Tumour Endothelium,”Breast Cancer Re-search and Treatment, Vol. 36, 1995, pp. 219-226.
T. Vlaykova, P. Laurila, T. Muhonen, M. Hahka- kemp-pinen, et al., “Prognostic Value of Tumour Vascularity in Metastatic Melanoma and Association of Blood Vessel Density with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expres-sion,” Melanoma Research, Vol. 9, 1999, pp. 59-68.
A. Pisacane, F. Picciotto and M. Risio, “CD31 and CD34 Expression as Immunohistochemical Markers of Endo-thelial Transdifferentiation in Human Cutaneous Mela-noma,” Cellular Oncology, Vol. 29, 2007, pp. 59-66.