Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a high sensitivity to antiblastic drugs and a high pathological complete remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy. In patients showing complete remission, the probability of developing metastatic disease would seem to be reduced. Nonetheless, this cancer has a high percentage of relapse. Anthracyclines, taxanes and platinum compounds are the most effective drugs for the treatment of TNBC. There is substantial evidence to support the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy, probably attributable to the mechanism of action of such drugs, which react with the DNA repair system. PARP inhibitors would also seem to be very interesting. Despite promising results, TNBC remains a disease with a poor prognosis due to the lack of targeted therapy. The discovery of new targets and new agents is thus a high priority issue for this type of breast cancer. In this respect, lipoplatin has been identified as a potentially interesting treatment option to evaluate in both neoadjuvant and advanced settings.
K. D. Voduc, M. C. U. Cheang, S. Tyldesley, et al., “Breast Cancer Subtypes and the Risck Of Local and Regional Relapse,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 28, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1684-1691. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.24.9284
T. O. Nielsen, F. D. Hsu, K. Jensen, et al., “Immunohistochemical and Clinical Characterization of the Basal like Subtype of Invasive Breast Carcinoma,” Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 10, No. 16, 2004, pp. 5367-5374. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0220
L. J. Van’t Veer, H. Dai, M. J. Van De Vijver, et al., “Gene Expression Profiling Predicts Clinical Outcome of Breast Cancer,” Nature, Vol. 415, No. 6871, 2002, pp. 530-536. doi:10.1038/415530a
R. Dent, M. Trudeau, K. L. Pritchard, et al., “Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Clinical Features and Patterns of Reccurence,” Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 13, No. 15, 2007, pp. 4429-4434.
M. C. Cheang, D. Voduc, C. Bajdik, et al., “Basal like Breast Cancer Defined by Five Biomarkers Has Superior Prognostic Value Than Triple-Negative Phenotype,” Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 14, No. 15, 2008, pp. 1368-1376. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1658
F. Bertucci, P. Finetti, N. Cervera, et al., “How Basal Are Triple Negative Breast Cancers?” International Journal of Cancer, Vol. 123, No. 1, 2008, pp. 236-240. doi:10.1002/ijc.23518
L. A. Carey, E. C. Dees, L. Sawyer, et al., “Triple Negative Paradox: Primary Tumor Chemosensitivity of Breast Cancer Subtypes,” Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 13, No. 8, 2007, pp. 2329-2334. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1109
C. Liedtke, C. Mazouni, K. R. Hess, et al., “Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy and Long-Term Survival in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 26, No. 8, 2008, pp. 1275-1281. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.14.4147
D. A. Berry, C. Cirrincione, I. C. Henderson, et al., “Estrogen-Receptor Status and Outcomes of Modern Chemotherapy for Patients with Node-Positive Breast Cancer,” The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 295, No. 14, 2006, pp. 1658-1667. Erratum in: JAMA, Vol. 295, No. 20, 2006, p. 2356. doi:10.1001/jama.295.14.1658
M. Colleoni, B. F. Cole, G. Viale, et al., “Classical Cyclofosphamide, Methotrexate, and Fluorouracil Chemotherapy Is More Effective in Triple Negative, Node-Negative Breast Cancer: Results from Two Randomized Trials of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Node Negative Breast Cancer,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 28, No. 18, 2010, pp. 2966-2973. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.25.9549
A. Perez, A. Moreno-Aspitia, E. Aubrey Thompson, et al., “Adjuvant Therapy of Triple Negative Breast Cancer,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, Vol. 120, No. 2, 2010, pp. 285-291. doi:10.1007/s10549-010-0736-z
M. Campone, “NCT00630032 (PACS 08) Randomized, Open Label, Multicentric Phase III Evaluating the Benefit of a Sequential Regimen Associating FEC 100 and Ixapilone in Adjuvant Treatment of Non Metastatic, Poor Prognosis Breast Cancer Defined as Triple Negative Tumor [HER2 Negative-ER Negative-PR Negative] or [HER2 Negative and PR Negative] Tumor in Node Positive or Node Negative Patients,” 2009. http://clinicaltrials.gov
H. S. Rugo, H. Roche, E. Thomas, et al., “Ixabepilone plus Capecitabine vs Capecitabine in Patients with Triple Negative Tumors: A Pool Analysis of Patients from Two Large Phase III Clinical Studies,” Cancer Research, Vol. 69, No. 2, 2009, p. 3057. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.SABCS-3057
J. Baselga, V. Semiglazov, P. Van Dam, et al., “Phase II Randomized Study of Neoadjuvant Everolimus Plus Letrozole Compared with Placebo in Patients with Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 27, No. 16, 2009, pp. 2630-2637. doi:10.1200/JCO.2008.18.8391
D. A. Yardley, “NCT00789581 (Titan) Phase III Study of Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide (AC) Followed by Ixabepilone Vs AC Followed by Paclitaxel in Patients with Triple-Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer,” 2011. http://clinicaltrials.gov
Hoffmann-La Roche, “NCT00528567 (BEATRICE) an Open Label 2-Arm Study to Evaluate the Impact of Adjuvant Bevacizumab on Invasive Disease Free Survival in Triple Negative Breast Cancer,” 2012. http://clinicaltrials.gov
B. Sirohi, M. Arnedos, S. Popat, et al., “Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer,” Annals of Oncology, Vol. 19, No. 11, 2008, pp. 1846-1852. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn395
J. E. Uhm, Y. H. Park, S. Y. Yi, et al., “Treatment Outcomes and Clinicopathologic Carachteristics of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Platinum-Containing Chemotherapy,” International Journal of Cancer, Vol. 124, No. 6, 2009, pp. 1457-1462. doi:10.1002/ijc.24090
G. S. Bhattacharyya, S. Basu, V. Agarwal, et al., “Single Institution Phase II Study of Weekly Cisplatinum and Metronomic Dosing of Cyclophosphamide and Methotrexate in Second Line Metastatic Breast Cancer Triple Negative,” European Journal of Cancer, Vol. 18, Supp. 7, 2009, (Abstract 41).
C. Oakman, G. Viale, A. Di Leo, et al., “Management of Triple Negative Breast Cancer,” The Breast, Vol. 19, No. 5, 2010, pp. 312-321. doi:10.1016/j.breast.2010.03.026
J. W. Chia, P. Ang, H. See, et al., “Triple Negative Metastatic/Recurrent Breast Cancer: Treatment with Paclitaxel/Carboplatin Combination Chemotherapy,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 25, Supp. 18, 2007, p. 1086.
J. O’Shaughnessy, D. Weckstein, S. Vukelja, et al., “Preliminary Results of a Randomized Phase II Study of Weekly Irinotecan/Carboplatin with or without Cetuximab in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer,” 2007 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, San Antonio, December 2007, [Abstract 308].
F. Farhat, S. Temraz, J. Kattan, et al., “Preliminary Results of a Phase II Study of Lipoplatin (Liposomal Cisplatin)/Vinorelbine Combination as First Line Treatment in HER2/Neu Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC),” Clinical Breast Cancer, Vol. 11, No. 6, 2011, pp. 384-389. doi:10.1016/j.clbc.2011.08.005
R. Terkola, “Liposomal Cisplatin: Lipoplatin,” European Journal of Oncological Pharmacy, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2007, pp. 15-20.