Programmed cell death called apoptosis, plays an important role in the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis and abnormalities in apoptotic function have been known as important events in the pathogenesis of many cancer types, such as colorectal cancer. It has been shown that both the membrane-bound TRAIL and sTRAIL can induce apoptosis in several tumor types by activating death receptors. Our study was to investigate the existence of TRAIL 1595 C/T SNP in colorectal cancer patients and possible effects of this substitution on serum levels of sTRAIL. In the present study, TRAIL 1595 C/T polymorphism was genotyped in 76 patients with colorectal cancer and 98 healthy subjects using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. There were no significant differences in the distribution of TRAIL 1595 C/T genotypes and frequencies of the alleles between colorectal cancer patients and controls. The increased frequency of TRAIL 1595 homozygotes genotypes in patients who had advanced tumour stage was statistically significant (p = 0.0082). Serum sTRAIL levels in the colorectal patients with CT genotype were lower than those of patients with early tumor stage (p = 0.028). The decreased sTRAIL levels were observed in the patients with distant metastasis and CT genotype (p = 0.023). Our findings have suggested that TRAIL 1595 C/T genotypes and sTRAIL levels might be associated with the progression of colorectal cancer in Turkish population.
R. Siegel, D. Naishadham and A. Jemal, “Cancer Statistics, 2012,” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Vol. 62, No. 1, 2012, pp. 10-29. doi:10.3322/caac.20138
S. Al-Sohaily, A. Biankin, R. Leong, M. Kohonen-Corish and J. Warusavitarne, “Molecular Pathways in Colorectal Cancer,” Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol. 27, No. 9, 2012, pp. 1423-1431.
E. W. Duiker, C. H. Mom, S. de Jong, P. H. Willemse, J. A. Gietema, A. G. van der Zee and E. G. de Vries, “The Clinical Trail of TRAIL,” European Journal of Cancer, Vol. 42, No. 14, 2006, pp. 2233-2240. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2006.03.018
Y. X. Zou, X. D. Zhang, Y. Mao, G. C. Lu, M. Huang and B. J. Yuan, “Acute Toxicity of a Single Dose DATR, Recombinant Soluble Human TRAIL Mutant, in Rodents and Crab-Eating Macaques,” Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 29, No. 8, 2010, pp. 645-652. doi:10.1177/0960327109357214
R. Pal, S. Gochhait, S. Chattopadhyay, P. Gupta, N. Prakash, G. Agarwal, A. Chaturvedi, N. Husain, S. A. Husain and R. N. Bamezai, “Functional Implication of TRAIL-716 C/T Promoter Polymorphism on Its in Vitro and in Vivo Expression and the Susceptibility to Sporadic Breast Tumor,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, Vol. 126, No. 2, 2011, pp. 333-343. doi:10.1007/s10549-010-0900-5
C. Schmaltz, O. Alpdogan, B. J. Kappel, S. J. Muriglan, J. A. Rotolo, J. Ongchin, L. M. Willis, A. S. Greenberg, J. M. Eng, J. M. Crawford, G. F. Murphy, H. Yagita, H. Walczak, J. J. Peschon and M. R. van den Brink, “T Cells Require TRAIL for Optimal Graft-versus-Tumor Activity,” Nature Medicine, Vol. 8, No. 12, 2002, pp. 1433-1437. doi:10.1038/nm1202-797
R. W. Johnstone, A. J. Frew and M. J. Smyth, “The TRAIL Apoptotic Pathway in Cancer Onset, Progression and Therapy,” Nature Reviews Cancer, Vol. 8, No. 10, 2008, pp. 782-798. doi:10.1038/nrc2465
S. R. Wiley, K. Schooley, P. J. Smolak, W. S. Din, C. P. Huang, J. K. Nicholl, G. R. Sutherland, T. D. Smith, C. Rauch, C. A. Smith, et al., “Identification and Characterization of a New Member of the TNF Family That Induces Apoptosis,” Immunity, Vol. 3, No. 6, 1995, pp. 673-682. doi:10.1016/1074-7613(95)90057-8
Q. Wang, Y. Ji, X. Wang and B. M. Evers, “Isolation and Molecular Characterization of the 5’-Upstream Region of the Human TRAIL Gene,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 276, No. 2, 2000, pp. 466-471. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3512
H. L. Gray, E. L. Sorensen, J. S. Hunt and C. Ober, “Three Polymorphisms in the 3’ UTR of the TRAIL (TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) Gene,” Genes and Immunity, Vol. 2, No. 8, 2001, pp. 469-470. doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6363806
K. Unoki, T. Kasuga, E. Matsushima and K. Ohta, “Attentional Processing of Emotional Information in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder,” Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Vol. 53, No. 6, 1999, 635-642. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.1999.00618.x
S. Kikuchi, R. Miyagishi, T. Fukazawa, I. Yabe, Y. Miyazaki and H. Sasaki, “TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Gene Polymorphism in Japanese Patients With Multiple Sclerosis,” Journal of Neuroimmunology, Vol. 167, No. 1-2, 2005, pp. 170-174. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.06.021
A. Weber, K. P. Wandinger, W. Mueller, O. Aktas, O. Wengert, E. Grundstrom, S. Ehrlich, C. Windemuth, T. Kuhlmann, T. Wienker, W. Brück and F. Zipp, “Identification and Functional Characterization of a Highly Polymorphic Region in the Human TRAIL Promoter in Multiple Sclerosis,” Journal of Neuroimmunology, Vol. 149, No. 1-2, 2004, pp. 195-201. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.12.014
X. Yan, L. Xu, J. Qi, X. Liang, C. Ma, C. Guo, L. Zhang, W. Sun, J. Zhang, X. Wei and L. Gao, “sTRAIL Levels and TRAIL Gene Polymorphisms in Chinese Patients with Fatty Liver Disease,” Immunogenetics, Vol. 61, No. 8, 2009, pp. 551-556. doi:10.1007/s00251-009-0389-4
Y. Yildiz, I. Yaylim-Eraltan, S. Arikan, H. A. Ergen, S. Kucucuk and T. Isbir, “Is There Any Correlation between TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Genetic Variants and Breast Cancer?” Archive of Medical Science, Vol. 6, No. 6, 2010, pp. 932-936. doi:10.5114/aoms.2010.19304
Y. Y. Mi, J. M. Li, N. Shao, Z. C. Min, B. Xu, L. X. Hua and N. H. Feng, “TRAIL Gene Polymorphism and Genetic Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer in the Chinese Han Population of Nanjing,” Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2011, pp. 242-246.
K. P. Wandinger, J. D. Lunemann, O. Wengert, J. Bellmann-Strobl, O. Aktas, A. Weber, E. Grundstrom, S. Ehrlich, K. D. Wernecke, H. D. Volk and F. Zipp, “TNF-Related Apoptosis inducing Ligand (TRAIL) as a Potential Response Marker for Interferon-Beta Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis,” Lancet, Vol. 361, No. 9374, 2003, pp. 2036-2043. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13641-0
L. H. Han, W. S. Sun, C. H. Ma, L. N. Zhang, S. X. Liu, Q. Zhang, L. F. Gao and Y. H. Chen, “Detection of Soluble TRAIL in HBV Infected Patients and Its Clinical Implications,” World Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 8, No. 6, 2002, pp. 1077-10780.
S. A. Miller, D. D. Dykes and H. F. Polesky, “A Simple Salting out Procedure for Extracting DNA from Human Nucleated Cells,” Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 16, No. 3, 1988, p. 1215. doi:10.1093/nar/16.3.1215
P. M. Holland, “Targeting Apo2L/TRAIL Receptors by Soluble Apo2L/TRAIL,” Cancer Letters, 2011 doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2010.11.001
N. B. Liabakk, A. Sundan, S. Torp, P. Aukrust, S. S. Froland and T. Espevik, “Development, Characterization and Use of Monoclonal Antibodies against sTRAIL: Measurement of sTRAIL by ELISA,” Journal of Immunological Methods, Vol. 259, No. 1-2, 2002, pp. 119-128. doi:10.1016/S0022-1759(01)00501-4
M. N. Lub-de Hooge, E. G. de Vries, S. de Jong and M. Bijl, “Soluble TRAIL Concentrations Are Raised in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,” Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, Vol. 64, No. 6, 2005, pp. 854-858. doi:10.1136/ard.2004.029058
A. Bisgin, E. Terzioglu, C. Aydin, B. Yoldas, V. Yazisiz, N. Balci, H. Bagci, R. M. Gorczynski, C. A. Akdis and S. Sanlioglu, “TRAIL Death Receptor-4, Decoy Receptor-1 and Decoy Receptor-2 Expression on CD8+ T Cells Correlate with the Disease Severity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis,” BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, Vol. No. 11, 2010, p. 192. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-11-192
C. Aydin, A. D. Sanlioglu, A. Bisgin, B. Yoldas, L. Dertsiz, B. Karacay, T. S. Griffith and S. Sanlioglu, “NF-κB Targeting by Way of IKK Inhibition Sensitizes Lung Cancer Cells to Adenovirus Delivery of TRAIL,” BMC Cancer, Vol. 10, 2010, p. 584. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-10-584
J. Shi, D. Zheng, Y. Liu, M. H. Sham, P. Tam, F. Farzaneh and R. Xu, “Overexpression of Soluble TRAIL Induces Apoptosis in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma and Inhibits Growth of Tumor Xenografts in Nude Mice,” Cancer Research, Vol. 65, No. 5, 2005, pp. 1687-1692. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2749
A. D. Sanlioglu, E. Dirice, O. Elpek, A. F. Korcum, M. Ozdogan, I. Suleymanlar, M. K. Balci, T. S. Griffith and S. Sanlioglu, “High TRAIL Death Receptor 4 and Decoy Receptor 2 Expression Correlates with Significant Cell Death in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients,” Pancreas, Vol. 38, No. 2, 2009, pp. 154-160. doi:10.1097/MPA.0b013e31818db9e3
I. T. Koksal, A. D. Sanlioglu, B. Karacay, T. S. Griffith and S. Sanlioglu, “Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand-R4 Decoy Receptor Expression Is Correlated with High Gleason Scores, Prostate-Specific Antigen Recurrence, and Decreased Survival in Patients with Prostate Carcinoma,” Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, Vol. 26, No. 2, 2008, pp. 158-165. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2007.01.022
P. Aukrust, N. B. Liabakk, F. Müller, E. Lien, T. Espevik and S. S. Froland, “Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF Alpha) and Soluble TNF Receptors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection—Correlations to Clinical, Immunologic, and Virologic Parameters,” The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 169, No. 2, 1994, pp. 420-424. doi:10.1093/infdis/169.2.420
L. H. Han, W. S. Sun, C. H. Ma, L. N. Zhang, S. X. Liu, Q. Zhang, L. F. Gao and Y. H. Chen, “Detection of Soluble TRAIL in HBV Infected Patients and Its Clinical Implications,” World Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 8, No. 6, 2002, pp. 1077-1080.
Y. Jiang, X. Q. Lin, S. G. Cao, C. L. Xu, J. Z. Wang, Z. M. Huang, X. R. Chen, L. Song and Z. X. Xue, “Correlations of genetic Polymorphisms of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Gene and Its Plasma Phenotype with Ulcerative Colitis,” Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, Vol. 92, No. 18, 2012, pp. 1244-1248.
A. Bisgin, A. D. Yalcin and R. M. Gorczynski, “Circulating Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis Inducing-Ligand (TRAIL) Is Decreased in Type-2 Newly Diagnosed, Non-Drug Using Diabetic Patients,” Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Vol. 96, No. 3, 2012, p. e84-e86. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.02.028
A. Niessner, P. J. Hohensinner, K. Rychli, S. Neuhold, G. Zorn, B. Richter, M. Hulsmann, R. Berger, D. Mortl, K. Huber, J. Wojta and R. Pacher, “Prognostic Value of Apoptosis Markers in Advanced Heart Failure Patients,” European Heart Journal, Vol. 30, No. 7, 2009, pp. 789-796. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp004
P. Y. Poon, C. C. Szeto, B. C. Kwan, K. M. Chow, C. B. Leung and P. K. Li, “Relationship between Serum Levels of Tumour Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand and the Survival of Chinese Peritoneal Dialysis Patients,” Nephrology (Carlton), Vol. 17, No. 5, 2012, pp. 466-471. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2012.01605.x
A. Kargi, A. D. Yalcin, N. Erin, B. Savas, H. H. Polat and R. M. Gorczynski, “IL8 and Serum Soluble TRAIL Levels following Anti-VEGF Monoclonal Antibody Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Colon Cancer,” Clinical Laboratory, Vol. 58, No. 5-6, 2012, pp. 501-505.
A. Bisgin, A. Kargi, A. D. Yalcin, C. Aydin, D. Ekinci, B. Savas and S. Sanlioglu, “Increased Serum sTRAIL Levels Were Correlated with Survival in Bevacizumab-Treated Metastatic Colon Cancer,” BMC Cancer, Vol. 12, 2012, p. 58. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-12-58