Background: The impact of breast appearance after breast cancer surgical treatment on patients’ quality of life led to the development of the oncoplastic approach. However, studies reporting oncologic results associated with this treatment strategy are scarce. This cross-sectional study was designed to assess oncologic outcomes among patients who underwent oncoplastic surgery. Methods: A total of 190 breast cancer patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery were enrolled. Fifty of them underwent oncoplastic surgery and 140 had none breast reconstruction procedure (control group). All surgeries were performed by the same surgical team. Results: Groups were similar with regard to staging, histological type, grade of the tumor, presence of intraductal component, hormone receptors and nodal commitment. Patients in oncoplastic surgery group had larger tumors ( ρ = 0.001) and more lymphovascular invasion ( ρ = 0.047). Further, a higher proportion of them underwent chemotherapy ( ρ = 0.030). Follow-up time of control group was longer ( ρ = 0.05), and these patients also had a longer relapse-free survival time ( ρ = 0.001). Local recurrence rate was 5.8% (11/190) and it was significantly greater in the oncoplastic surgery group (8/11, ρ = 0.001). Time to local recurrence after surgery was longer in oncoplastic surgery group ( ρ = 0.002). Overall, patients in oncoplastic surgery group were younger ( ρ = 0.001), but at the time of local recurrence, patients in oncoplastic surgery group were older than those in control group ( ρ = 0.0002). Conclusions: Among the studied patients, local recurrence rate was greater in those who underwent oncoplastic surgery.
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