Haematology Department, General Hospital of Sonora State, Sonora, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Blood Bank and Unit of Aphaeresis, General Hospital of Culiacán, Health Ministry, Culiacán, Mexico
,
Haematology, Hospital General de Occidente SSA, Guadalajara, Mexico
,
Haematology, Haematology Service, Hospital General Regional SSG, León, Mexico
,
Haematology, Oncology Unit, SSEP, Puebla, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Bone Marrow Transplant, and Blood Bank from Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad “Dr. Juan Graham Casassus”, Villahermosa, Mexico
,
Haematology, Hospital General de Especialidades, Campeche, Mexico
,
Haematology Deparment from Hospital Juárez, Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology and Oncology Department, National Institute of Medical and Nutrition Sciences “Dr. Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico; 2Internal Medicine, Haematology, Hospital ISSSTECALI, Tijuana, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology, Hospital “Aranda de la Parra”, León, Mexico
,
Haematology, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology, Head of Haematology Service, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
,
Haematology, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
,
Leukaemias Clinic at ISSEMyM, Toluca, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Centenario Hospital, Miguel Hidalgo, Health Ministry, Aguascalientes, Mexico
,
Haematology, Mérida Clinic, Yucatán, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
,
Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
3 Haematology Department, General Hospital of Sonora State, Sonora, Mexico
4 Haematology Department, Blood Bank and Unit of Aphaeresis, General Hospital of Culiacán, Health Ministry, Culiacán, Mexico
5 Haematology, Hospital General de Occidente SSA, Guadalajara, Mexico
6 Haematology, Haematology Service, Hospital General Regional SSG, León, Mexico
7 Haematology, Oncology Unit, SSEP, Puebla, Mexico
8 Haematology Department, Bone Marrow Transplant, and Blood Bank from Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad “Dr. Juan Graham Casassus”, Villahermosa, Mexico
9 Haematology, Hospital General de Especialidades, Campeche, Mexico
10 Haematology Deparment from Hospital Juárez, Mexico City, Mexico
11 Haematology and Oncology Department, National Institute of Medical and Nutrition Sciences “Dr. Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
12 Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico; 2Internal Medicine, Haematology, Hospital ISSSTECALI, Tijuana, Mexico
13 Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
14 Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
15 Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
16 Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
17 Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
18 Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
19 Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
20 Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
Background : This document includes recommendations and guidelines issued by a group of Mexican researchers and specialists gathered in the First National Colloquium for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) by initiative of Instituto Nacional de Cancerología and with the support of the Leukaemia Department of the MD Anderson Cancer Cent e r. Mexico lacks of updated information taken from its own reality on the diagnosis and treatment of CML and other haematological disorders; besides, there are no national guidelines. Aim : To publish a consensus document with guidelines for the management of CML adjusted to the national environment and overall characteristics. Method : The participants answered a DELPHI questionnaire about the overall aspects of the disease, aiming to target controversial topics, discuss them in the colloquium, and to agree on the best ones. After those meetings, a final document was drawn up. Results : The group presents recommendations for definition, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and treatment of CML in Mexico. Conclusions : Having consensus guidelines for the clinical management of CML in our country will enable the consensual practice of Mexican specialists regarding the clinical approach to CML, as well as optimize the resources which allow the rational planning of the medical care strategies.
M. Baccarani, J. E. Cortés, F. Pane, D. Niederiwieser, G. Saglio, J. Apperley, F. Cervantes, M. Deininger, A. Gratwohl, F. Guilhot, A. Hochhaus, M Horowitz, T. Hughes, H. Kantarjian, R. Larson, J. Radich, B. Simonsson, R. T. Silver, J. Goldman and R. Hehlmann, “Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: An Update of Concepts and Management Recommendations of European Leukemia Net,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 27, No. 35, 2009, pp. 6041-6051. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.25.0779
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), “NCCN Practice Guidelines in Oncology Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, V3,” 2008. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp
J. F. Combariza, M. L. Rodríguez, J. García, M. Acevedo de los Ríos, K. Gálvez, A. Cardona, I. Munévar, M. González, C. Casas, J. O. Pacheco, L Enciso, M. V. Herrera, F. Galeano, F. Durango, C. Nino, M. Rosales, M.Pina, C. Rosales, V. Abello, J. Guerra, E. Cantor, J. Rosales, M. Daza de Bojanini, C. Sossa, A. Camacho, C. Castro and J. Duque, “Diagnose and Treatment Consensus of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Colombia,” Revista Colombiana de Cancerología, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2008, pp. 126-142.
M. Nese, G. Acosta, M. Bengochea, B. Be?arán, E. Bodega, R. Bonimi, G. Borelli, M. Bruzone, L. Camacho, A. Caneiro, C. Canessa and A. Cardessa, “National Consensus of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” Hematología (Montev. en línea), Vol. 1, No. 3, 2005, pp. 28-41.
J. Alfaro-Lucero, P. Cortés-Monroy-Bertín, M. E. CabreraContreras, C. Cao-Pochintesta, G. Conte-Lanza and P. Fardella-Besto, “Minimun Clinic Recommendations for the Study and Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML),” Sociedad Chilena de Hematología, Santiago, 2008.
H. J. Schünemann, A. D. Oxman, et al., “GRADE: Grading Quality of Evidence and Strength of Recommendations for Diagnostic Tests and Strategies,” British Medical Journal, Vol. 336, 2008, pp. 1106-1110. doi:10.1136/bmj.39500.677199.AE
A. Jemal, R. Siegel, J. Xu and E. Ward, “Cancer Statistics 2010,” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Vol. 60, No. 5, 2010, p. 277. doi:10.3322/caac.20073
S. F. Altekruse, C. L. Kosary, M. Krapcho, N. Neyman, R. Aminou and W. Waldron, “SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2007, National Cancer Institute,” 2009. http://seer.cancer.g ov/csr/1975_2007/
A. Aguayo, E. García-álvarez, Y. Cázarez-Ordónez, E. Crespo-Solís, D. Martínez-Banos, E. Guadarrama-Beltrán, E. E. Cervera-Ceballos and X. López-Karpovicth. “Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Clinicoepidemiologic and Therapeutic Description of a Single Institution in México City,” Clinical Leukemia, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2008, pp. 261-266. doi:10.3816/CLK.2008.n.036
21 Haematology, Hospital “Aranda de la Parra”, León, Mexico
22 Haematology, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
23 Haematology, Head of Haematology Service, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
24 Haematology, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
25 Leukaemias Clinic at ISSEMyM, Toluca, Mexico
26 Haematology Department, Centenario Hospital, Miguel Hidalgo, Health Ministry, Aguascalientes, Mexico
27 Haematology, Mérida Clinic, Yucatán, Mexico
28 Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
29 Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
30 Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
31 Haematology Department, Cancerology National Institute (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
34 State Council for AIDS Prevention and Control, Chihuahua, Mexico
35 Renaissance Clinic, Morelia, Mexico
36 Hospital Betania, Puebla, Mexico
37 Los Mochis General Hospital, Sinaloa, Mexico
38 Hospital of the Poblano Child, Puebla, Mexico
39 Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
40 Leukemia Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Mexico
O. G. Cantú-Rodríguez, C. H. Gutiérrez-Aguirre and O. González-Llano. “La Leucemia Granulocítica Crónica se Presenta a una Edad más Temprana a la Reportada en Otros Países en los Pacientes de un Hospital de Concentración en México,” Review of Hematology, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2008, pp. S47-S134.
P. Vargas-Viveros, R. Hurtado Monroy, E. Cervera, C. Best, A. Aguayo and M. Candelaria, “The Age of Mexican Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Ph Positive Is Quite Younger.”
M. Rohrbacher and J. Hasford, “Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia,” Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2009, pp. 295-302. doi:10.1016/j.beha.2009.07.007
J. Sessions, “Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in 2007,” Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy, Vol. 13, No. 8, 2007, pp. S4-S7.
J. E. Cortes, M. Talpaz, S. O’Brian, S. Faderl, G. GarcíaManero, A. Ferrajoli, S. Verstovsek, M. B. Rios, J. Shan and H. M. Kantarjian, “Staging of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Imatinib Era,” Cancer, Vol. 106, No. 6, 2006, pp. 1306-1315. doi:10.1002/cncr.21756
H. M. Kantarjian, M. J. Keating, T. L. Smith, M. Talpaz and K. B. McCredie, “Proposal for a Simple Synthesis Prognostic Staging System in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia,” The American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 88, No. 1, 1990, pp. 1-8. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(90)90119-X
F. Castagnetti, N. Testoni, S. Luatti, G. Marzocchi, M. Mancini, S. Kerim, E. Giugliano, F. Albano, A. Cuneo, E. Abruzzese, B. Martino, F. Palandri, M. Amabile, I. Iacobucci, G. Alimena, F. Pane, G. Martinelli, G. Saglio, M. Baccarani and G. Rosti, “Deletions of the Derivative Chromosome 9 Do Not Influence the Response and the Outcome of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Early Chronic Phase Treated with Imatinib Mesylate: GIMEMA CML Working Party Analysis,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 28, No. 16, 2010, pp. 2748-2754. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.26.7963
P. C. Nowell and D. A. Hungerford, “A Minute Chromosome in Human Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia,” Science, Vol. 132, 1960, p. 1497.
R. Bernstein, “Cytogenetics of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia,” Seminars in Hematology, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1988, pp. 20-34.
A. Quintas-Cardama and J. Cortés, “Molecular Biology of BCR/ABL1 Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” Blood, Vol. 113, No. 8, 2009, pp. 1619-1630. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-03-144790
N. Heisterkamp, G. Jenster, J. Hoeve, D. Zovich, P. K. Pattengale and J. Groffen, “Acute Leukaemia in BCR/ABL Transgenic Mice,” Nature, Vol. 344, No. 6263, 1990, pp. 251-253. doi:10.1038/344251a0
J. Cortes, D. W. Kim, E. Raffoux, G. Martinelli, E. Ritchie, L. Roy, S. Coutre, S. Corm, N. Hamerschlak, J. L. Tang, A. Hochhaus, H. J. Khoury, T. H. Brümmendorf, M. Michallet, G. Rege-Cambrin, C. Gambacorti-Passerini, J. P. Radich, T. Ernst, C. Zhu, J. M. Van Tornout and M. Talpaz, “Efficacy and Safety of Dasatinib in Imatinib Resistant or Intolerant Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Blast Phase,” Leukemia, Vol. 22, No. 12, 2008, pp. 2176-2183. doi:10.1038/leu.2008.221
M. L. Gishizky and O. N. Witte, “Initiation of Deregulated Growth of Multipotent Progenitor Cells by BCR/ABL1 in Vitro,” Science, Vol. 256, No. 5058, 1992, pp. 836-839. doi:10.1126/science.1375394
K. Nishii, J. H. Kabarowski, D. L. Gibbons, S. D. Griffiths, I. Titley, L. M. Wiedemann and M. F. Greaves, “Ts BCR/ABL1 Kinase Activation Confers Increased Resistance to Genotoxic Damage via Cell Cycle Block,” Oncogene, Vol. 13, 1996, pp. 2225-2234.
C. A. Evans, P. J. Owen-Lynch, A. D. Whetton and C. Dive, “Activation of the Abelson Tyrosine Kinase Activity Is Associated with Suppression of Apoptosis in Hemopoietic Cells,” Cancer Research, Vol. 53, 1993, pp. 1735-1738.
G. Bazzoni, N. Carlesso, J. D. Griffin and M. E. Hemler, “BCR/ABL Expression Stimulates Integrin Function in Hematopoietic Cell Lines,” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol. 98, No. 2, 1996, pp. 521-528. doi:10.1172/JCI118820
M. Y. Gordon, C. R. Dowding, G. P. Riley, J. M. Goldman and M. F. Greaves, “Altered Adhesive Interactions with Marrow Stroma of Haematopoietic Progenitor Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia,” Nature, Vol. 328, No. 6128, 1987, pp. 342-344. doi:10.1038/328342a0
R. Bhatia, J. B. McCarthy and C. M. Verfaillie, “Interferon-Alpha Restores Normal Beta 1 Integrin-Mediated Inhibition of Hematopoietic Progenitor Proliferation by the Marrow Microenvironment in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia,” Blood, Vol. 87, No. 9, 1996, pp. 3883-3891.
R. A. Van Etten, P. Jackson and D. Baltimore, “The Mouse Type IV c-ABL Gene Product Is a Nuclear Protein, and Activation of Transforming Ability Is Associated with Cytoplasmic Localization,” Cell, Vol. 58, No. 4, 1989, pp. 669-678.
J. M. Lewis, R. Baskaran, S. Taagepera, M. A. Schwartz and J. Y. J. Wang. “Integrin Regulation of c-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Activity and Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Transport,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, Vol. 93, No. 26, 1996, pp. 15174-15179. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.26.15174
G. L. Nichols, M. A. Raines, J. C. Vera, L. Lacomis, P. Tempst and D. W. Golde, “Identification of CRKL as the Constitutively Phosphorylated 39-kD Tyrosine Phosphoprotein in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells,” Blood, Vol. 84, No. 9, 1994, pp. 2912-2918.
T. Oda, C. Heaney, J.R. Hagopian, K. Okuda, J. D. Griffin and B. J. Druker, “Crkl Is the Major Tyrosine-Phosphorylated Protein in Neutrophils from Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia,” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 269, No. 37, 1994, pp. 22925-22928.
W. N. M. Deininger, J. M. Goldman and J. V. Melo, “The Molecular Biology of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” Blood, Vol. 96, No. 10, 2000, pp. 3343-3356.
R. Ruibao. Mechanisms of BCR-ABL in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia,” Nature Reviews Cancer, Vol. 5, 2005, pp. 172-183. doi:10.1038/nrc1567
F. H. Epstein, S. Faderl, M. Talpaz, Z. Estrov, S. O’Brien, R. Kurzrock and H. M. Kantarjian, “The Biology of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 341, No. 3, 1999, pp. 164-172. doi:10.1056/NEJM199907153410306
Y. Chen, C. Peng, D. Li and S. Li, “Molecular and Cellular Bases of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” Protein & Cell Vol. 1, No. 2, 2010, pp. 124-132. doi:10.1007/s13238-010-0016-z
M. Baccarani, F. Pane and G. Saglio, “Monitoring Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” Haematologica, Vol. 93, No. 2, 2008, pp. 161-166. doi:10.3324/haematol.12588
D. P. Steensma and R. E. Richard, “Myeloproliferative Disorders. En: American Society of Hematology SelfAssessment Program. Textbook,” In: M. J. Kahn and S. A. Gregory, Eds., The American Society of Hematology, 3rd Edition, Washington DC, 2007, pp. 172-227.
C. E. Bueso-Ramos, J. E. Cortés, M. Talpaz, S. O’Brien, F. Giles, M. B. Ríos, L. J. Medeiros and H. Kantarjian, “Imatinib Mesylate Therapy Reduces Bone Marrow Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia,” Cancer, Vol. 101, No. 2, 2004, pp. 332-336. doi:10.1002/cncr.20380
T. P. Hughes, J. Kaeda, S. Brandford, Z. Rudzki, A. Hochhaus, M. L. Hensley, I. Gathmann, A. E. Bolton, I. C. van Hoomissen, J. M. Goldman and J. P. Radich, “International Randomised Study of Interferon versus STI571 (IRIS) Study Group. Frequency of Major Molecular Response to Imatinib or Interferon Alpha Plus Cytarabine in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” The New England Journal Medicine, Vol. 349, No. 15, 2003, pp. 1423-1432. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa030513
A. Hochhaus, S. G. O’Brien, F. Guilhot, B. J. Druker, S. Brandford, L. Foroni, J. M. Goldman, M. C. Müller, J. P. Radich, M. Rudoltz, M. Mone, I. Gathmann, T. P. Hughes and R. A. Larson, “IRIS Investigators. Six-Year Follow-Up of Patients Receiving Imatinib for the FirstLine Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” Leukemia, Vol. 23, No. 6, 2009, pp. 1054-1061. doi:10.1038/leu.2009.38
B. J. Druker, F. Guilhot, S. G. O’Brien, I. Gathmann, H. Kantarjian, N. Gattermann, M. W. Deininger, R. T. Silver, J. M. Goldman, R. M. Stone, F. Cervantes, A. Hochhaus, B. L. Powell, J. L. Gabrilove, P. Rousselot, J. Reiffers, J. J. Cornelissen, T. Hughes, H. Agis, T. Fischer, G. Verhoef, J. Shepherd, G. Saglio, A. Gratwohl, J. L. Nielsen, J. P. Radich, B. Simonsson, K. Taylor, M. Baccarani, C. So, L. Letvak and R. A. Larson, “IRIS Investigators. FiveYear Follow-Up of Patients Receiving Imatinib for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” The New England Journal Medicine, Vol. 355, No. 23, 2006, pp. 2408-2417. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa062867
Y. Zhao, L. Liu, Y. Wang, G. Wu, X. Lai, W. Cao, Y. Luo, Y. Tan, J. Shi, W. Xie, X. Ye, Z. Cai, M. Lin and H. Huang, “Efficacy and Prognosis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Imatinib Mesylate in a Chinese Population,” International Journal of Hematology, Vol. 89, No. 4, 2009, pp. 445-451. doi:10.1007/s12185-009-0292-7
M. W. N. Deininger, J. E. Cortes, R. Paquette, B. Park, A. Hochhaus, M. Baccarani, R. Stone, T. Fischer, H. Kantarjian, D. Niederwieser, C. Gambacorti-Passerini, C. So, I. Gathmann, J. M. Goldman, D. Smith, B. J. Druker and F. Guilhot, “The Prognosis for Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Who have Clonal Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative Cells,” Cancer, Vol. 110, No. 7, 2007, pp. 1509-1519. doi:10.1002/cncr.22936
M. W. Deininger, S. G. O’Brien, J. M. Foerd and B. J. Drucker, “Practical Management of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Imatinib,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 21, No. 8, 2003, pp. 1637-1647. doi:10.1200/JCO.2003.11.143
L. G. Shaffer and N. Tommerup, “ISCN 2009 BASEL, International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetics Nomenclature,” Karger Press, Switzerland, 2009.
T. P. Hughes, A. Hochhaus, S. Branford, M. C. Muller, J. S. Kaeda and L. Foroni, “Long-Term Prognostic Significance of Early Molecular Response to Imatinib in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: An Analysis from the International Randomized Study of Interferon and STI571 (IRIS),” Blood, Vol. 116, No. 19, 2010, pp. 3758-3765. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-03-273979
M. Baccarani, G. Saglio, J. Goldman, A. Hochhaus, B. Simonsson, F. Appelbaum, J. Apperley, F. Cervantes, J. Cortes, M. Deininger, A. Gratwohl, F. Guilhot, M. Horowitz, T. Hughes, H. Kantarjian, R. Larson, D. Niederwieser, R. Silver and R. Hehlmann, “European Leukemia Net. Evolving Concepts in the Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Recommendations from an Expert Panel on Behalf of the European Leukemia Net,” Blood, Vol. 108, No. 6, 2006, pp. 1809-1820. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-02-005686
Y. Alvarado, H. Kantarjian, S. O’Brien, S. Faderl, G. Borthakur, J. Burger, W. Wierda, G. Garcia-Manero, J. Shan and J. Cortes, “Significance of Suboptimal Response to Imatinib, as Defined by the European Leukemia Net, in the Long-Term Outcome of Patients with Early Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase,” Cancer, Vol. 115, No. 16, 2009, pp. 3709-3718. doi:10.1002/cncr.24418
S. Richebourg, V. Eclache, C. Perot, M. F. Portnoi, J. van den Akker, C. Terré, O. Maareck, V. Soenen, F. Viguié, J. L. Lai, J. Andrieux, S. Corm and C. Roche-Lestienne, “Fi-LMC Group. Mechanisms of Genesis of Variant Translocations in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Are not Correlated with ABL or BCR Deletion Status or Response to Imatinib Therapy,” Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, Vol. 182, No. 2, 2008, pp. 95-102. doi:10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.01.005
D. Marin, D. Milojkovic, E. Olavarria, J. S. Khorashad, H. de Lavallade, A. G. Reid, L. Foroni, K. Rezvani, M. Bua, F. Dazzi, J. Pavlu, M. Klammer, J. S. Kaeda, J. M. Goldman and J. F. Apperley, “European Leukemia Net Criteria for Failure or Suboptimal Response Reliably Identify Patients with CML in Early Chronic Phase Treated with Imatinib Whose Eventual Outcome is Poor,” Blood, Vol. 112, No. 12, 2008, pp. 4437-4444. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-06-162388
S. O’Brien, F. Guilhot and J. Goldman, “International Randomized Study of Interferon versus STI571 (IRIS) 7-Year Follow-up: Sustained Survival, Low Rate for Transformation and Increased Rate of Major Molecular Response (MMR) in Patients (pts) with Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase (CML-CP) Treated with Imatinib (IMATINIB),” Blood, Vol. 112, 2008. https://ash.confex.com/ash/2008/webprogram/Paper14057.html
R. Carlson, “Ponatinib Effective in Heavily Pretreated CML Patients with T3151 Mutation,” Oncology Times, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2011, pp. 17-18. doi:10.1097/01.COT.0000405236.49243.3b
H. M. Kantarjian, J. E. Cortes, P. La Roseé and A. Hochhaus, “Optimizing Therapy for Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase,” Cancer, Vol. 116, No. 6, 2010, pp. 1419-1430. doi:10.1002/cncr.24928
R. Hehlmann, S. Saussele, M. Lauseker, P. Ulrike, E. Kovalevskaya, A. Leitner, C. Haferlach, B. Schlegelberger, M. C. Müller, B. Hanfstein, M. Pfirrmann, G. Ehninger, T. Fischer, J. Hasford, A. Hochhaus, D. K. Hossfeld, H. J. Kolb, S. W. Krause, C. Nerl, H. Pralle, A. Gratwohl, A. Tobler and H. Heimpel, “The German CML Study Group. Randomized Comparison of Imatinib 400 mg vs. Imatinib + IFN vs. Imatinib + araC vs. Imatinib after IFN vs. Imatinib 800 mg: Optimized Treatment and suRvival: Designed First Interim Analysis of the German CML Study IV [abstract],” Blood, Vol. 112, 2008. https://ash.confex.com/ash/2008/webprogram/Paper14057.html
T. P. Hughes, S. Branford, D. L. White, J. Reynolds, R. Koelmeyer, J. F. Seymour, K. Taylor, C. Arthur, A. Schwarer, J. Morton, J. Cooney, M. F. Leahy, P. Rowlings, J. Catalano, M. Hertzberg, R. Filshie, A. K. Mills, K. Fay, S. Durrant, H. Januszewicz, D. Joske, C. Underhill, S. Dunkley, K. Lynch and A. Grigg, “Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group. Impact of Early Dose Intensity on Cytogenetic and Molecular Responses in Chronic-Phase CML Patients Receiving 600 mg/day of Imatinib as Initial Therapy,” Blood, Vol. 112, No. 10, 2008, pp. 3965-3973. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-06-161737
J. E. Cortes, M. Baccarani, F. Guilhot, B. J. Druker, S. Brandford, D. W. Kim, F. Pane, R. Pasquini, S. L. Goldberg, M. Kalaycio, B. Moiraghi, J. M. Rowe, E. Tothova, C. De Souza, M. Rudoltz, R. Yu, T. Krahnke, H. M. Kantarjian, J. P. Radich and T. P. Hughes, “Phase III, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Daily Imatinib Mesylate 400 mg versus 800 mg in Patients with Newly Diagnosed, Previously Untreated Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase Using Molecular End Points: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Optimization and Selectivity Study,” Journal Clinical Oncology, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2010, pp. 424-430. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.25.3724.
S. M. Pye, J. E. Cortes, P. Ault, A. Hatfield, H. Kantarjian, R. Pilot, G. Rosti and J. F. Apperley, “The Effects of Imatinib on Pregnancy Outcome,” Blood, Vol. 111, No. 12, 2008, pp. 5505-5508. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-10-114900
“NCCN Guidelines Version 2,” Chorinc Myelogenous Leukemia, 2011.
A. Hochhaus, M. Baccarani, M. Deininger, J. F. Apperley, J. H. Lipton, S. L. Goldberg, S. Corm, N. P. Shah, F. Cervantes, R. T. Silver, D. Niederwieser, R. M. Stone, H. Dombret, R. A. Larson, L. Roy, T. Hughes, M. C. Müller, R. Ezzeddine, A. M. Countouriotis and H. M. Kantarjian, “Dasatinib Induces Durable Cytogenetic Responses in Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in Chronic Phase with Resistance or Intolerance to Imatinib,” Leukemia, Vol. 22, No. 6, 2008, pp. 1200-1206.
E. Jabbour, A. Fullmer, J. Cortes and H. Kantarjian, “Clinical Algorithms for the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: The 2010 PerspectiveClinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia-2010: 10: Suppl 1:S6-S13.B. M. S. Giambastiani, ‘Evoluzione Idrologica ed Idrogeologica Della Pineta di San Vitale (Ravenna)’,” Ph.D. Thesis, Bologna University, Bologna, 2007.
G. Rosti, F. Palandri, F. Castagnetti, M. Breccia, L. Levato, G. Gugliotta, A. Capucci, M. Cedrone, C. Fava, T. Intermesoli, G. R. Cambrin, F. Stagno, M. Tiribelli, M. Amabile, S. Luatti, A. Poerio, S. Soverini, N. Testoni, G. Martinelli, G. Alimena, F. Pane, G. Saglio and M. Baccarani, “GIMEMA CML Working Party. Nilotinib for the Frontline Treatment of Ph (+) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” Blood, Vol. 114, No. 24, 2009, pp. 4933-4938. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-07-232595
J. E. Cortes, D. Jones, S. O’Brien, E. Jabbour, M. Konopleva, A. Ferrajoli, T. Kadia, G. Borthakur, D. Stigliano, J. Shan and H. Kantarjian, “Nilotinib as Front-Line Treatment for Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Early Chronic Phase,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2010, pp. 392-397. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.25.4896
G. Saglio, D. W. Kim, S. Issaragrisil, I. P. Coutre, G. Etienne, C. Lobo, R. Pasquini, R. E. Clark, A. Hochhaus, T. P. Hughes, N. Gallagher, A. Hoenekopp, M. Dong, A. Haque, R. A. Larson and H. M. Kantarjian, “ENESTnd Investigators. Nilotinib versus imatinib for newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia,” The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 362, No. 24, 2010, pp. 2251-2259. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0912614
H. Kantarjian, N. P. Shah, A. Hochhaus, J. Cortes, S. Shah, M. Ayala, B. Moiraghi, Z. Shen, J. Mayer, R. Pasquini, H. Nakamae, F. Huguet, C. Boqué, C. Chuah, E. Bleickardt, M. B. Bradley-Garelik, C. Zhu, T. Szatrowski, D. Shapiro and M. Baccarani, “Dasatinib versus Imatinib in Newly Diagnosed Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 362, No. 24, 2010, pp. 2260-2270. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1002315
A. Hochhaus, H. M. Kantarjian, M. Baccarani, J. H. Lipton, J. F. Apperley, B. J. Druker, T. Facon, S. L. Goldberg, F. Cervantes, D. Niederwieser, R. T. Silver, R. M. Stone, T. P. Hughes, M. C. Muller, R. Ezzeddine, A. M. Countouriotis and N. P. Shah, “Dasatinib Induces Notable Hematologic and Cytogenetic Responses in ChronicPhase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia after Failure of Imatinib Therapy,” Blood, Vol. 109, No. 6, 2007, pp. 2303-2309. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-09-047266
N. P. Shah, H. M. Kantarjian, D. W. Kimatinib, D. Réa, P. E. Dorlhiac-Llacer, J. H. Milone, J. Vela-Ojeda, R. T. Silver, H. J. Khoury, A. Charbonnier, N. Khoroshko, R. L. Paquette, M. Deininger, R. H. Collins, I. Otero, T. Hughes, E. Bleickardt, L. Strauss, S. Francis and A. Hochhaus, “Intermittent Target Inhibition with Dasatinib 100 mg Once Daily Reserves Efficacy and Imatinib Proves Tolerability in Imatinib-Resistant and -Intolerant Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 26, No. 19, 2008, pp. 3204-3212. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.14.9260
H. M. Kantarjian, F. Giles, N. Gattermann, K. Bhalla, G. Alimena, F. Palandri, G. J. Ossenkoppele, F. E. Nicolini, S. G. O’Brien, M. Litzow, R. Bhatia, F. Cervantes, A. Haque, Y. Shou, D. J. Resta, A. Weitzman, A. Hochhaus, P. le Coutre, “Nilotinib (Formerly AMN107), a Highly Selective BCR/ABL1 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Is Effective in Patients with Philadelfia Chromosome-Positive Imatinib Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in Chronic Phase Following Imatinib Resistance and Intolerance,” Blood, Vol. 110, No. 10, 2007, pp. 3540-3546. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-03-080689
H. Kantarjian, F. Giles, L. Wunderle, K. Bhalla, S. O’Brien, B. Wassmann, C. Tanaka, P. Manley, P. Rae, W. Mietlowski, K. Bochinski, A. Hochhaus, J. D. Griffin, D. Hoelzer, M. Albitar, M. Dugan, J. Cortes, L. Alland and O. G. Ottmann, “Nilotinib in Imatinib-Resistant CML and Philadelfia Chromosome-Positive ALL,” The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 354, No. 24, 2006, pp. 2542-2551. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa055104
P. Le Coutre, O. G. Ottmann, F. Giles, D. W. Kim, J. Cortes, N. Gattermann, J. F. Apperley, R. A. Larson, E. Abruzzese, S. G. O’Brien, K. Kuliczkowski, A. Hochhaus, F. X. Mahon, G. Saglio, M. Gobbi, Y. L. Kwong, M. Baccarani, T. Hughes, G. Martinelli, J. P. Radich, M. Zheng, Y. Shou and H. Kantarjian, “Nilotinib (Formerly AMN107), a Highly Selective BCR/ABL1 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Is Active in Patients with Imatinib-Resistant or -Intolerant Accelerated-Phase Chronic Myemlogenous Leukemia,” Blood, Vol. 111, No. 4, 2008, pp. 1834-1839. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-04-083196
M. Ayala, R. Hurtado, K. Nacho, N. Tapia, M. Alvarado and A. Aguayo, “Compassionate Use of Nilotinib (AMN107) in Mexican Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Resistant or Intolerant to Imatinib,” Blood, Vol. 110, No. 11, 2007.
M. Ayala, R. Hurtado, N. Delgado, P. Vargas, L. Meillon, N. Tapia, M. Alvarado, J. De Diego, P. Azaola, M. Gonzalez, Y. Lugo, R. Hernandez, J. J. Kassack, S. Cleto, M. Nambo, G. Reyes, O. Cantu, A. Aguayo, I. Mucius, A. Herrera and K. Nacho, “Analysis of BCR/ABL1 Mutations in Mexican Patients with Imatinib-Resistant or –Intolerant Philadelfia-chromosome Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (Ph Positive CML) Treated with Nilotinib,” Haematologica, Vol. 93, No. S1, 2008, p. 220.
P. Laneuville, C. Dilea, O. Q. Yin, R. C. Woodman, J. Mestan and P. W. Manley, “Comparative in Vitro Cellular Data Alone Are Insufficient to Predict Clinical Responses and Guide the Choice of BCR/ABL1 Inhibitor for Treating Imatinib-Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” Journal Clinical Oncology, Vol. 28, No. 11, 2010, Article No. e169-e171. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.26.4945
E. Jabbour, G. Saglio, T. Hughes and H. Kantarjian, “Suboptimal Responses in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Implications and Management Strategies,” Cancer, Vol. 118, No. 5, 2011, pp. 1181-1191. doi:10.1002/cncr.26391
D. L. White and T. P. Hughes, “Predicting the Response of CML Patients to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy,” Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2009, pp. 59-65. doi:10.1007/s11899-009-0009-2
J. Radich, “Stem Cell Transplant for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Imatinib Era,” Seminars in Hematology, Vol. 47, No. 4, 2010, pp. 354-361. doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2010.06.008
S. Saussele, M. Lauseker, A. Gratwohl, D. W. Beelen, D. Bunjes, R. Schwerdtfeger, H. J. Kolb, A. D. Ho, C. Falge, E. Holler, G. Schlimok, A. R. Zander, R. Arnold, L. Kanz, R. Dengler, C. Haferlach, B. Schlegelberger, M. Pfirrmann, M. C. Müller, S. Schnittger, A. Leitner, N. Pletsch, A. Hochhaus, J. Hasford and R. Hehlmann, “German CML Study Group. Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (Allo SCT) for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Imatinib Era: Evaluation of Its Impact within a Subgroup of the Randomized German CML Study IV,” Blood, Vol. 115, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1880-1885. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-08-237115
J. Pavlu, R. M. Szydlo, J. M. Goldman and J. F. Apperley, “Three Decades of Transplantation for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: What have We Learned?” Blood, Vol. 117, No. 3, 2011, pp. 755-763. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-08-301341
D. Kilojkovic, E. Nicholson, J. F. Apperley, T. Holyake, P. Shepherd, M. Drummond, R. Szydlo, M. Bua, L. Foroni, A. Reid, J. S. Khorashad, H. de Lavallade, K. Rezvani, C. Paliompeis, J. M. Goldman and D. Marin, “Early Prediction of Success or Failure of Treatment with Second-Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” Haematologica, Vol. 95, No. 2, 2010, pp. 224-231. doi:10.3324/haematol.2009.012781
“NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology,” National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2012.
P. J. Tutxchka, E. A. Copelan and J. P. Klein, “Bone Marrow Transplantation for Leukemia Following a New Busulfan and Cyclophsohamide Regimen,” Blood, Vol. 70, No. 5, 1987, pp. 1382-1388.
F. Dazzi, R. M. Szydlo, C. Craddock, N. C. P. Cross, J. Kaeda, A. Chase, E. Olavarria, F. van Rhee, E. Kanfer, J. F. Apperley and J. M. Goldman, “Comparison of Single-Dose and Escalating-Dose Regimens of Donor Lymphocyte Infusion for Relapse after Allografting for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” Blood, Vol. 95, No. 1, 2000, pp. 67-71.
E. Klyuchnikov, N. Kroger, H. Brummendorf, A. Wiedemann and A. U. Bacher, “Current Status and Perspectives of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment in the Posttransplant Period in Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML),” Biology Blood Marrow Transplantation, Vol. 16, No. 3, 2010, pp. 301-310. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.08.019
M. Talpaz, R. T. Siver, B. J. Druker, J. M. Goldman, C. Gambacorti-Passerini, F. Guilhot, C. A. Schiffer, T. Fischer, M. W. Deininger, A. L. Lennard, A. Hochhaus, O. G. Ottmann, A. Gratwohl, M. Baccarani, R. Stone, S. Tura, F. X. Mahon, S. Fernandes-Reese, I. Gathmann, R. Capdeville, H. M. Kantarjian and C. L. Sawyers, “Imatinib Induces Durable Hematologic and Cytogenetic Responses in Patients with Accelerated Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Results of Phase II Study,” Blood, Vol. 99, No. 6, 2002, pp. 1928-1937. doi:10.1182/blood.V99.6.1928
H. Kantarjian, J. E. Cortes, D. W. Kim, P. DorlhiacLlacer, R. Pasquini, J. DiPersio, et al., “Phase III Study of Dasatinib 140 mg Once Daily versus 70 mg Twice Daily in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Accelerated Phase Resistant or Intolerant to Imatinib: 15-Month Median Follow-Up,” Blood, Vol. 113, No. 25, 2009, pp. 6322-6329. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-11-186817
M. Baccarani, J. Cortes, F. Pane, D. Niederwieser, G. Saglio, J. Apperley, F. Cervantes, M. Deininger, A. Gratwohl, F. Guilhot, A. Hochhaus, M. Horowitz, T. Hughes, H. Kantarjian, R. Larson, J. Radich, B. Simonsson, R. T. Silver, J. Goldman and R. Hehlmann, “Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: An Update of Concepts and Management Recommendations of European LeukemiaNet,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 27, No. 35, 2009, pp. 6041-6051. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.25.0779
B. J. Druker, C. L. Sawyers, H. Kantarjian, D. J. Resta, S. F. Reese, J. M. Ford, R. Capdeville and M. Talpaz, “Activity of a Specific Inhibitor of the BCR/ABL1 Tyrosine Kinase in the Blast Crisis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with the Philadelphia Chromosome,” The New England Journal Medicine, Vol. 344, No. 14, 2001, pp. 1038-1042. doi:10.1056/NEJM20 0104053441402
J. Cortes, P. Rousselot, D. W. Kim, E. Ritchie, N. Hamerschlak, S. Coutre, A. Hochhaus, F. Guilhot, G. Saglio, J. Apperley, O. Ottmann, N. Shah, P. Erben, S. Branford, P. Agarwal, A. Gollerkeri and M. Baccarani, “Dasatinib Induces Complete Hematologic and Cytogenetic Responses in Patients with Imatinib-Resistant or -Intolerant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Blast Crisis,” Blood, Vol. 109, No. 8, 2007, pp. 3207-3213. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-09-046888
O. Ottmann, R. Larson, H. Kantarjian, P. Le Coutre, M. Baccarani, A. Weitzman and F. Giles, “Nilotinib MonoTherapy in Patients with Imatinib-Resistant or Intolerant Ph Positive CML in Blast Crisis or Relapsed/Refractory Ph Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia,” Haematologica, Vol. 92, Suppl. 1, 2007, p. 207.
M. Baccarani, G. Saglio, J. Goldman, A. Hochhaus, B. Simonsson, F. Appelbaum, J. Apperley, F. Cervantes, J. Cortes, M. Deininger, A. Gratwohl, F. Guilhot, M. Horowitz, T. Hughes, H. Kantarjian, R. Larson, D. Niederwieser, R. Silver and R. Hehlmann, “European LeukemiaNet. Evolving Concepts in the Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Recommendations from an Expert Panel on Behalf of the European Leukemia Net,” Blood, Vol. 108, No. 6, 2006, pp. 1809-1820. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-02-005686