Introduction: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is multiple which functions during an inflammatory response. Inflammation is a critical component of cancer progression. IL-10 is the most important cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties. Cancer patients typically show depression of both cellular and humoral immune functions. Aims: The objective of this experiment is to know the expression of IL-2 and IL-10 in cervical cancer. Method: Paraffin block of the tissues frozen section cervical cancer was cut in sharp and cleaned cryotome and place in glass plate that covered with poly-elysine. The immunohistochemistry stains were done with monoclonal antibody anti IL-2 and IL-10 with TSA-indirect method. The collected data were analyzed with T Test (SPSS for window 15). Result: In this study the expression of IL-2 (35.9% = moderate) is less than the expression of IL-10 (45.3% = moderate). From T Test analysis of p <= 0.153, it means that there is no significance in difference between IL-2 and IL-10. Conclusion: We indicated that the immune response plays a role in balance between cellular and humoral immunity.
KeywordsIL-2IL-10Immune ResponseCancer
Charles, A.D. and Lyle, L.M. (2000) Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis. 2nd Edition, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Centre Drive, Thousand Oaks, 23-75.
Bufler, P. (2011) Interleukin-37 as Fundamental Inhibitor of Innate Immunity. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 13, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar3419
Malek, T.R. (2003) The Main Function of IL-2 Is to Promote the Development of T Regulatory Cells. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 74, 961-965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0603272
Moore, K.W., O’Garra, A., de Waal Malefyt, R., Vieira, P. and Mosmann, T.R. (1993) Interleukin-10. The Annual Review of Immunology, 11, 165-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.001121
Adi, P. (2006) Cervical Cancer with Human Papilloma Virus and Epstein Barr Virus Positive. Journal of Carcinogenesis, 5, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-3163-5-13
Chaturvedi, A.K. (2010) Beyond Cervical Cancer: Burden of Other HPV-Related Cancers among Men and Women. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46, 20-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth. 2010.01.016
Doll, R. and Peto, R. (1981) The Causes of Cancer: Quantitative Estimates of Avoidable Risks of Cancer in the United States Today. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 66, 1191-1308.
Kinzler, Kenneth, W. and Vogelstein, B. (2002) Introduction. The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer. 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, Medical Publications Division.
Khorasanizadeh, F., Hassanloo, J., Khaksar, N., Mohammad, T.S., Marzaban, M.H., Rasidi, B., Akbari, S.A., Zendehdel, K. (2013) Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma virus Infection among Iranian Women-Analyses of National Data and Systematic Review of the Literature. Gynecologic Oncology, 128, 277-281.
Licciarone, J.C., Wilkins, J.R., Brownson, R.C. and Chang, J.C. (1989) Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption in the Aetiology of Uterine Cervical Cancer. International Journal of Epidemiology, 18, 533-537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/18.3.533
Elizabeth, A., Tara, N.R., Frannie, R.K., Chaterine, H. and Edward, S.P. (2009) Oral Cancer Knowledge, Attitude and Practices: A Survey of Dentist and Primary Care Physicians in Massachusetts. American Dental Association, 140, 461-467.
Colin, R.Y. and Welsh, C.J. (2005) Stress Health and Disease. Cell Science.
Edgar, H.V., Maria, E.C. and Paola (2007) A Solar dan Fabian A Soto. Enhancement of Pavlovian Conditioned Immunosuppression in Rats. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, 67, 71-81.
Prasanta, K.R. (1999) Stress Genes and Species Survival. Moleculer and Cellular Biochemistry. Springer Netherlands, 196, 117-123.
Putra, S.T. (2005) Psikoneuroimunologi. Graha Masyarakat Ilmiah Kedokteran (GRAMIK) Fakultas Kedokteran UNAIR-RSU dr Sutomo. Surabaya.
Elizabeth, C. (2007) Cell Stress Protein Linked to Breast Cancer.
Colin, R. (2005) Young dan C. Jane Welsh. Stress Health and Disease. Cell Science.
Alberto, J.L. and Macario, M.D. (2005) dan Everly Conway de Macario. Sick Chaperones, Cellular Stress, and Disease. NEJM, 353, 1489-1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra050111
Sunitha, C. and Gabriel, R. (2004) Oral Cancer at a Glance. The Internet Journal of Dental Science, 1, 2004.
Mehrotra Ravi dan Yadav, S. (2006) Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Prognostic Value of Genomic Alterations. Indian Journal of Cancer, 43, 60-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.25886
Coussens, L.M. and Werb, Z. (2002) Inflammation and Cancer. Nature, 420, 860-867.
Keibel, A., Singh, V. and Sharma, M.C. (2009) Inflammation, Microenvironment, and the Immune System in Cancer Progression. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 15, 1949-1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209788453167
Weber, D., Wheat, J.M. and Curri, G.M. (2010) Inflammation and Cancer: Tumor Initiation, Progression and Metastasis, and Chinese Botanical Medicines. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 8, 1006-1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3736/jcim20101101
Hoyer, K.K., Doom, H., Barron, L. and Abbas, A.K. (2008) Interleukin-2 in the Development and Control of Inflammatory Disease. Immunological Reviews, 226, 19-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00697.x
Botti, C., Seregni, E., Ferrari, L., Martinetti, A. and Bombardieri, E. (1998) Immunosuppressive Factors: Role in Cancer Development and Progression. International Journal of Biological Markers, 13, 51-69.
Beckebaum, S., Zhang, X., Chen, X., Yu, Z., Frilling, A., Dworacki, G., Grosse-Wilde, H., Broelsch, C.E., Gerken, G. and Cicinnati, V.R. (2004) Increased Levels of Interleukin-10 in Serum from Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Correlate with Profound Numerical Deficiencies and Immature Phenotype of Circulating Dendritic Cell Subsets. Clinical Cancer Research, 10, 7260-7269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0872
Kim, R., Emi, M., Tanabe, K. and Arihiro, K. (2006) Tumor-Driven Evolution of Immunosuppressive Networks during Malignant Progression. Cancer Research, 66, 5527-5536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4128
IHC & ISH Advanced Staining (2013) Tutorial. An Animated Guide to Immunohistochemistry. http://www.LeicaBiosystem.com
Kim, S.H., Shin, Y.K., Lee, K.M., Lee, J.S., Yun, J.H. and Lee, S.M. (2003) An Improved Protocol of Biotinylated Tyramine-Based Immunohistochemistry Minimizing Nonspecific Background Staining. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, 51, 129-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022155403051 00116
Elenkov, I.J., Lezzoni, D.G., Daly, A., Harris, A.G. and Chrouros, G.P. (2005) Cytokine Dysregulation, Inflammation and Well-Being. Neuroimmunomodulation, 12, 255-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/ 000087104
Bamias, G., Corridoni, D., Pizarro, T.T. and Cominelli, F. (2012) New Insights into the Dichotomous Role of Innate Cytokines in Gut Homeostasis and Inflammation. Cytokine, 59, 451-459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.014
Trinchieri, G., Kubin, M., Bellone, G. and Cassatella, M.A. (1993) Cytokine Cross-Talk between Phagocytic Cells and Lymphocytes: Relevance for Differentiation/Activation of Phagocytic Cells and Regulation of Adaptive Immunity. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 53, 301-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240530406
Shen-Orr, S.S., Goldberger, O., Garten, Y., Rosenberg-Hasson, Y., Lovelace, P.A., Hirschberg, D.L., Altman, R.B., Davis, M.M. and Butte, A.J. (2009) Towards a Cytokine-Cell Interaction Knowledgebase of the Adaptive Immune System. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing, 2009, 439-450.
Benedict, K.F. and Lauffenburger, D.A. (2013) Insights into Proteomic Immune Cell Signaling and Communication via Data-Driven Modeling. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 363, 201-233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/82_2012_249
Malek, T.R. (2008) The Biology of Interleukin-2. Annual Review of Immunology, 26, 453-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090357
Kimura, H. and Yamaguchi, Y. (1989) Adoptive Immunotherapy with LAK Cell and IL-2 against Primary Lung Cancer. Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 90, 1459-1462.
Wolk, K., Kunz, S., Asadullah, K. and Sabat, R. (2002) Cutting Edge: Immune Cells as Sources and Targets of the IL-10 Family Members? Journal of Immunology, 168, 5397-5402.
Itoh, K. and Hirohata, S. (1995) The Role of IL-10 in Human B Cell Activation, Proliferation, and Differentiation. Journal of Immunology, 154, 4341-4350.
Sabat, R., Grutz, G., Warszawska, K., Kirsch, S., Witte, E., Wolk, K. and Geginat, J. (2010) Biology of Interleukin-10. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 21, 331-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr. 2010.09.002
Bouaziz, J.D., Calbo, S., Maho-Vaillant, M., Saussine, A., Bagot, M., Bensussan, A. and Musette, P. (2010) IL-10 Produced by Activated Human B Cells Regulates CD4+ T-cell Activation in vitro. European Journal of Immunology, 40, 2686-2691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201040673
Lalani, I., Bhol, K. and Ahmed, A.R. (1997) Interleukin-10: Biology, Role in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 79, 469-484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63052-9
Ouyang, W., Rutz, S., Crellin, N.K., Valdez, P.A. and Hymowitz, S.G. (2011) Regulation and Functions of the IL-10 Family of Cytokines in Inflammation and Disease. Annual Review of Immunology, 29, 71-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101312