The review article describes the criteria established for methodology of antisense anti IGF-I therapy of malignant tumors, particularly of glioblastoma. The cancer patients, after classical therapy of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, have undergone the injection of genetically modified autologous malignant cells—transfected by IGF-I antisense/triple helix expression vectors. For all cancer patients supervised for up to 19 months, the period corresponding to minimum survival of glioblastoma patients, the following common immune criteria for “anti IGF-I” strategy were admitted: 1) characteristics of cell “vaccines”—absence of IGF-I and expression of MHC-I in cloned transfected cells; 2) the peripheral blood lymphocytes, PBL cells, removed after every of two successive vaccinations, demonstrate an increasing level of CD8 + and CD8 + 28 + molecules (with a switch from CD8 + 11b + to CD8 + 11b - ).
Catuogno, S., Esposito, C.L., Quintavalle, C., Condorelli, G., de Franciscis, V. and Cerchia, L. (2012) Nucleic Acids in Human Glioma Treatment: Innovative Approaches and Recent Results. Journal of Signal Transduction, 2012, Article ID: 735135. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jst/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/735135
Caruso, G. and Caffo, M. (2014) Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Treatment of Cerebral Gliomas Review of Concerning Patents. Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery. http://benthamscience.com/journal/index.php?journalID=rpcn: 2212-3954
Trojan, J., Johnson, T.R., Rudin, S.D., Ilan, J., Tykocinski, M.L. and Ilan, J. (1993) Treatment and Prevention of Rat Glioblastoma by Immunogenic C6 Cells Expressing Antisense Insulin-Like Growth Factor I RNA. Science, 259, 94-99. http://www.sciencedirect.com/
Rubenstein, J.L., Nicolas, J.F. and Jacob, F. (1984) L’ARN non sens (nsARN): Un outil pour inactiver spécifique mentl’expression d’un gène donné in Vivo [Nonsense RNA: A Tool for Specifically Inhibiting the Expression of a Gene in Vivo]. Comptes Rendus Academie des Sciences Paris, 299, 271-274.
Derwan, P. (1992) Reagents for the Site-Specific Cleavage of Megabase DNA. Nature, 359, 87-88. http://www.nature.com/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/359087a0
Helene, C. (1994) Control of Oncogene Expression by Antisense Nucleic Acids. European Journal of Cancer, 30, 1721-1726. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09598049
Trojan, J., Cloix, J.F., Ardourel, M.Y., Chatel, M. and Anthony, D. (2007) Insulin-Like Growth Factor Type I Biology and Targeting in Malignant Gliomas. Neuroscience, 145, 795-812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.021
Ellouk-Achard, S., Djenabi, S., De Oliveira, G.A., Dessay, G., Duc, H.T., Zoar, M., Trojan, J., Claude, J.R., Sarasin, A. and Lafarge-Frayssinet, C. (1998) Induction of Apoptosis in Rat Hepatocarcinoma Cells by Expression of IGF-I Antisense c-DNA. Journal of Hepatology, 29, 807-818. http://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(98)80263-8
Trabado, S., Van Binh, P.N., Martin, C., Lafarge-Frayssinet, C., Lone, Y.C., Trojan, J., Warnet, J.M. and Duc, H.T. (2007) Stimulation of Anti-Melanoma Immune Effectors via Modified Tumour Cells Exhibiting Inhibited IGF-I and Low CD9. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 61, 494-498. http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/oncology/biomedicine-amp-pharmacotherapy-journal/07533322/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2007.07.004
Pan, Y., Trojan, J., Guo, Y. and Anthony, D.D. (2013) Rescue of MHC-1 Antigen Processing Machinery by DownRegulation in Expression of IGF-I in Human Glioblastoma Cells. PLoS ONE, 8, Article ID: e58428. http://www.plos.org/
Andrews, D.W., Resnicoff, M., Flanders, A.E., Kenyon, L., Curtis, M., Merli, G., Baserga, R., Iliakis, G. and Aiken, R.D. (2001) Results of a Pilot Study Involving the Use of an Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Directed against the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Type I Receptor in Malignant Astrocytomas. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19, 2189-2200. http://www.asco.org/press-center/journal-clinical-oncology
Djavan, W., Aldert, M., Seitz, C. and Marberger, M. (2001) Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Prostate Cancer. World Journal of Urology, 19, 225-233. http://www.springer.com/medicine/urology/journal/345 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003450100220
Pollak, M.N., Schernhammer, E.S. and Hankinson, S.E. (2004) Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Neoplasia. Nature Review Cancer, 4, 505-518. http://www.nature.com/nrc/index.html http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1387
Baserga, R. (2005) The Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor as a Target for Cancer Therapy. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 9, 753-768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14728222.9.4.753
Brooks, W.H., Latta, R.B., Mahaley, M.S., Roszman, T.L., Dudka, L. and Skaggs, C. (1981) Immunobiology of Primary Intracranial Tumors. Part 5: Correlation of a Lymphocyte Index and Clinical Status. Journal of Neurosurgery, 54, 331-337. http://thejns.org/toc/jns/current http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1981.54.3.0331
Blanchet, O., Bourge, J.F., Zinszner, H., Israel, A., Kourilsky, P., Dausset, J., Degos, L. and Paul, P. (1992) Altered Binding of Regulatory Factors to HLA Class I Enhancer Sequence in Human Tumor Cell Lines Lacking Class I Antigen Expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 89, 3488-3492. http://www.pnas.org/content/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.8.3488
Saji, M., Moriarty, J., Ban, T., Singer, D. and Kohn, L. (1992) Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Gene Expression in Rat Thyroid Cells Is Regulated by Hormones, Methimazole and Iodide as Well as Interferon. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 75, 871-878. http://press.endocrine.org/loi/jcem
Schwartz, R.H. (1992) Costimulation of T Lymphocytes: The Role of CD28, CTLA-4 and B7/BBI in Interleukin-2 Production and Immunotherapy. Cell, 71, 1065-1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(05)80055-8
Wu, A., Wiesner, S., Xiao, J., Ericson, K., Chen, W., Hall, W.A., Low, W.C. and Ohlfest, J.R. (2007) Expression of MHC-I and NK Ligands on Human CD133+ Gliomacells: Possible Targets of Immunotherapy. Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 83, 121-131. http://www.bioxbio.com/if/html/J-NEURO-ONCOL.html
Trojan, J., Duc, H.T., Upegui-Gonzalez, L., Hor, F., Guo, Y., Anthony, D.D. and Ilan, J. (1996) Presence of MHCI and B-7 Molecules in Rat and Human Glioma Cells Expressing Antisense IGF-I mRNA. Neuroscience Letters, 212, 9-12. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03043940 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(96)12770-1
Trojan, J., Johnson, T., Rudin, S., Blossey, B., Kelley, K., Shevelev, A., Abdul-Karim, F., Anthony, D., Tykocinski, M., Ilan, J. and Ilan, J. (1994) Gene Therapy of Murine Teratocarcinoma: Separate Functions for Insulin-Like Growth Factors I and II in Immunogenicity and Differentiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 91, 6088-6092. http://www.pnas.org/content/
Lasfarge-Frayssinet, C., Duc, H.T., Frayssinet, C., Sarasin, A., Anthony, D.D., Guo, Y. and Trojan, J. (1997) Antisense Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Transferred into a Rat Hepatoma Cell Line Inhibits Tumorigenesis by Modulating Major Histocompatibility Complex I Cell Surface Expression. Cancer Gene Therapy, 4, 276-285. http://www.researchgate.net/journal/1476-5500_Cancer_gene_therapy
Upegui-Gonzalez, L.C., Ly, A., Sierzega, M., Jarocki, P., Trojan, L.A., Duc, H.T., Pan, Y., Shevelev, A., Henin, D., Anthony, D.D., Nowak, W., Popiela, T. and Trojan, J. (2001) IGF-I Triple Helix Strategy in Hepatoma Treatement. Hepato-Gastroenterology, 48, 656-662. http://www.hepatogastroenterology.org/
Ly, A., Duc, H.T., Kalamarides, M., Trojan, L.A., Pan, Y., Shevelev, A., Fran?ois, J.-C., Noel, T., Kane, A., Henin, D., Anthony, D.D. and Trojan, J. (2001) Human Glioma Cells Transformed by IGF-I Triple-Helix Technology Show Immune and Apoptotic Characteristics Determining Cell Selection for Gene Therapy of Glioblastoma. Molecular Pathology, 54, 230-239. http://jcp.bmj.com/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/mp.54.4.230
Weintraub, H., Izant, J.G. and Harland, R.M. (1985) Antisense RNA as a Molecular Tool for Genetic Analysis. Trends in Genetics, 1, 23-25. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/trends-in-genetics/
Green, P.J., Pines, O. and Inouye, M. (1986) The Role of Antisense RNA in Gene Regulation. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 55, 569-597. http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/biochem http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.003033
Merino, E., Balbas, P., Puente, J.L. and Bolivar F. (1994) Antisense Overlapping Open Reading Frames in Genes from Bacteria to Humans. Nucleic Acids Research, 22, 1903-1908. http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/nar/about.html http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.10.1903
Dias, N. and Stein, C.A. (2002) Antisense Oligonucleotides: Basic Concepts and Mechanisms. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 1, 347-355. http://mct.aacrjournals.org/site/misc/journal_ifora.xhtml
Galderisi, U., Cascino, A. and Giordano, A. (1999) Antisense Oligonucleotides as Therapeutic Agents. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 181, 251-257. http://www.bioxbio.com/if/html/J-CELL-PHYSIOL.html http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199911)181:2 3.0.CO;2-D
Bennett, C.F., Butler, M., Cook, P.D., Geary, R.S., Levin, A.A., Mehta, R., Teng, C.L., Desmukh, H., Tillman, L. and Hardee, G. (2000) Antisense Oligonucleotides—Based Therapeutics. In: Templeton, N.S. and Lasic D.D., Eds., Gene Therapy, Marcel Dekker, New York, 305-332.
Tsai, Y.J., Hu, C.C., Chu, C.C. and Imae, T. (2011) Intrinsically Fluorescent PAMAM Dendrimer as Gene Carrier and Nanoprobe for Nucleic Acids Delivery: Bioimaging and Transfection Study. Biomacromolecules, 12, 4283-4290. http://pubs.acs.org/toc/bomaf6/current
Scaggiante, B., Morassutti, C., Tolazzi, G., Michelutti, A., Baccarani, M. and Quadrifoglio, E. (1994) Effect of Unmodified Triple Helix-Forming Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Targeted to Human Multidrug-Resistance Gene mdr1 in MDR Cancer Cells. FEBS Letters, 352, 380-384. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/febs-letters/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(94)00995-3
Thomas, T., Faaland, C., Gallo, M. and Thomas, I. (1995) Suppression of c-myc Oncogene Expression by a Polyamine-Complexed Triplex Forming Oligonucleotide in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Nucleic Acids Research, 23, 3594-3599. http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/nar/about.html http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.17.3594
Vasquez, K.M. and Wilson, I.H. (1998) Triplex-Directed Modification of Genes and Gene Activity. Trends in Biochemical Science, 23, 4-9. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/trends-in-biochemical-sciences/
Mayfield, C., Ebbinghaus, S., Gee, I., Jones, D., Rodu, B., Squibb, M. and Miller, D. (1994) Triplex Formation by the Human Haras Promoter Inhibits Spl Binding and in Vitro Transcription. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 69, 18232-18238. http://www.jbc.org/site/misc/about.xhtml
Rininsland, F., Johnson, T.R., Chernicky, C.L., Schulze, E., Burfeind, P. and Ilan, J. (1997) Suppression of InsulinLike Growth Factor Type I Receptor by a Triple-Helix Strategy Inhibits IGF-I Transcription and Tumorigenic Potential of Rat C6 Glioblastoma Cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 94, 5854-5859. http://www.pnas.org/content/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.11.5854
Shevelev, A., Burfeind, P., Schulze, E., Rininsland, F., Johnson, T., Trojan, J., Chernicky, C., Hélène, C., Ilan, J. and Ilan, J. (1997) Potential Triple Helix-Mediated Inhibition of IGF-I Gene Expression Significantly Reduces Tumorigenicity of Glioblastoma in an Animal Model. Cancer Gene Therapy, 4, 105-112. http://www.researchgate.net/journal/1476-5500_Cancer_gene_therapy
Aggarwal, B., Schwarz, L., Hogan, M. and Rando, R. (1996) Triple Helix-Forming Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Targeted to the Human Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Gene Inhibit TNF Production and Block the TNF Dependent Growth of Human Glioblastoma Tumor Cells. Cancer Research, 56, 5156-5164. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/
Sia, K.C., Chong, W.K., Ho, I.A., Yulyana, Y., Endaya, B., Huynh, H. and Lam, P.Y. (2010) Hybrid Herpes Simplex Virus/Epstein-Barr Virus Amplicon Viral Vectors Confer Enhanced Transgene Expression in Primary Human Tumors and Human Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. The Journal of Gene Medicine, 12, 848-858. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-2254 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgm.1506
Trojan, L.A., Kopinski, P., Mazurek, A., Chyczewski, L., Ly, A., Jarocki, P., Niklinski, J., Shevelev, A., Trzos, R., Pan, Y., Gitis, D.J., Bierwagen, M., Czapiewska, J.L., Wei, M.X., Michalkiewicz, J., Henin, D., Popiela, T., Evrard, F., Kasprzak, H., Anthony, D.D. and Trojan, J. (2003) IGF-I Triple Helix Gene Therapy of Rat and Human Gliomas. Annales Academiae Medicae Bialostocensis (Roc Akad Med Bial), 48, 18-27. http://www.advms.pl/
Popiela, T., Sierzega, M., Gach, T., Jarocki, P. and Trojan, J. (2003) Phase I Trial of Colorectal Cancer Immune Therapy Using Autologous Cancer Cells Transfected with an IGF-I Antisense Plasmid [Abstract]. Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 5, 2-3. http://www.researchgate.net/journal/0001-5458_Acta_chirurgica_Belgica
Trojan, L.A., Ly, A., Kopinski, P., Ardourel, M.Y., Dufour, T., Duc, H.T., Kasprzak, H., Cloix, J.F., Wei, M.X., Chyczewski, L., Pan, Y., Chatel, M., Anthony, D.D. and Trojan, J. (2006) Antisense and Triple Helix Anti IGF-I Tumours Vaccines—Gene Therapy of Gliomas. International Journal of Cancer Research and Prevention, 2, 227-243. https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=1675
Trojan, L.A., Ly, A., Upegui-Gonzalez, L., Jarocki, P., Shevelev, A., Sierzega, M., Wei, M.X., Lafarge-Frayssinet, C., Kopinski, P., Pan, Y.J., Kulig, J., Anthony, D., Popiela, T., Duc, H.T. and Trojan, J. (2009) Antisense Anti IGF-I Therapy of Primary Hepatic Cancer. African Journal of Cancer, 1, 21-30. http://www.researchgate.net/journal/1965-0817_Journal_africain_du_cancer_African_Journal_of_ Cancer http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12558-008-0005-9
Matlib, M.A., Kihara, M., Farrell, C. and Dage, R.C. (1988) The Na+-Ca2+ Exchange System in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Cultured Cells and from Tissue Is Similar. Biochemical and Biophysical Acta (BBA), Biomembranes, 939, 173-177. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/bba-general-subjects/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(88)90060-0
Frankenberger, B., Pohla, H., Noessner, E., Willimsky, G., Papier, B., Pezzutto, A., Kopp, J., Oberneder, R., Blank enstein, T. and Schendel, D.J. (2005) Influence of CD80, Interleukin-2, and Interleukin-7 Expression in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma on the Expansion, Function, and Survival of Tumor-Specific CTLs. Clinical Cancer Research, 11, 1733-1742. http://www.bioxbio.com/if/html/CLIN-CANCER-RES.html
Naoyuki, T., Takayoshi, M. and Yoshikatsu, E. (2005) Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Pulsed with WildType p53 Protein Efficiently Induce CTLs against p53 Overexpressing Human Cancer Cells. Clinical Cancer Research, 11, 1312-1318. http://www.bioxbio.com/if/html/CLIN-CANCER-RES.html
Patel, S., Doble, B. and Woodgett, J.R. (2004) Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Insulin and Wnt Signalling: A DoubleEdged Sword? Biochemical Society Transactions, 32, 803-808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST0320803
Beckner, M.E., Gobbel, G.T., Abounader, R., Burovic, F., Agostino, N.R., Laterra, J. and Pollack, I.F. (2005) Glycolytic Glioma Cells with Active Glycogen Synthase Are Sensitive to PTEN and Inhibitors of PI3K and Gluconeo Genesis. Laboratory Investigation, 85, 1457-1470. http://www.bioxbio.com/if/html/LAB-INVEST.html
Premkumar, D.R., Arnold, B., Jane, E.P. and Pollack, I.F. (2006) Synergistic Interaction between 17-AAG and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibition in Human Malignant Glioma Cells. Molecular Carcinogenesis, 45, 47-59. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2744 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mc.20152
Ardourel, M.Y., Blin, M., Moret, J.L., Dufour, T., Duc, H.T., Hevor, T., Trojan, J. and Cloix, J.F. (2007) A New Putative Target for Antisense Gene Therapy of Glioma: Glycogen Synthetase. Cancer Biology and Therapy, 6, 719-723. http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/cbt/ http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cbt.6.5.4232
Trojan, J., Ly, A., Wei, M.X., Kopinski, P., Ardourel, M.Y., Pan, Y., Trojan, L.A., Dufour, D., Shevelev, A., Andres, C., Chatel, M., Kasprzak, H., Anthony, D.D. and Duc, H.T. (2010) Antisense Anti-IGF-I Cellular Therapy of Malignant Tumours: Immune Response in Cancer Patients. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 64, 576-578. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/biomedicine-and-pharmacotherapy/
Harding, F.A., McArthur, J.G., Gross, J.A., Raulet, D.H. and Allison, J.P. (1992) CD28-Mediated Signalling Co-Stimulates Murine T Cells and Prevents Induction of Anergy in T-Cell Clones. Nature, 356, 607-609. http://www.nature.com http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/356607a0
Di Tomaso, T., Mazzoleni, S., Wang, E., Sovena, G., Clavenna, D., Franzin, A., Mortini, P., Ferrone, S., Doglioni, C., Marincola, F.M., Galli, R., Parmiani, G. and Maccalli, C. (2010) Immunobiological Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells Isolated from Glioblastoma Patients. Clinical Cancer Research, 16, 800-813. http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2730
Migliorini, D., Dietrich, P.Y. and Walker, P.R. (2013) Maximizing Output from Current Glioma Vaccine Trials to Construct Robust Next Generation Immunotherapies. Immunotherapy, 5, 1147-1150. http://www.futuremedicine.com/loi/imt http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/imt.13.115
Fakhrai, H., Dorigo, O., Shawler, D.L., Lin, H., Mercola, D., Black, K.L., Royston, Y. and Sobol, R.E. (1996) Eradication of Established Intracranial Rat Gliomas by Transforming Growth Factor Beta Antisense Gene Therapy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 93, 2909-2914. http://www.pnas.org/content/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.7.2909
Schlingensiepen, K.H., Schlingensiepen, R., Steinbrecher, A., Hau, P., Bogdahn, U., Fischer-Blass, B. and Jachimczak, P. (2006) Targeted Tumor Therapy with the TGF-Beta2 Antisense Compound AP 12009. Cytokine Growth Factor Review, 17, 129-139. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/cytokine-and-growth-factor-reviews/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.09.002
Schlingensiepen, K.H., Fischer-Blass, B., Schmaus, S. and Ludwig, S. (2008) Antisense Therapeutics for Tumor Treatment: The TGF-Beta2 Inhibitor AP 12009 in Clinical Development against Malignant Tumors. Recent Results Cancer Research, 177, 137-150. http://www.springer.com/series/392 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71279-4_16
Hau, P., Jachimczak, P. and Bogdahn, U. (2009) Treatment of Malignant Gliomas with TGF-Beta2 Antisense Oligonucleotides. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 9, 1663-1674. http://informahealthcare.com/journal/ery http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/era.09.138
Hau, P., Jachimczak, P., Schlaier, J. and Bogdahn, U. (2011) TGF-β2 Signaling in High-Grade Gliomas. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 12, 2150-2157. http://www.speciation.net/Database/Journals/Current-Pharmaceutical-Biotecnology-;i3597
Anthony, D.D. (1997) Ex Vivo and in Vivo IGF-1 Antisense RNA Strategies for Treatment of Cancers in Humans. Cancer Gene Therapy, 2, 322. http://www.nature.com/cgt/archive/index.html
Matthew, L., Saiter, B. and Bhardwag, N. (1998) Dendritic Cells Acquire Antigen from Apoptotic Cells and Induce Class I-Restricted CTLs. Nature, 392, 86-89. http://www.nature.com/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/32183
Galli, R., Binda, E., Orfanelli, U., Cipelletti, B., Gritti, A., De Vitis, S., Fiocco, R., Foroni, C., Dimeco, F. and Vescovi, A. (2004) Isolation and Characterization of Tumorigenic, Stem-Like Neural Precursors from Human Glioblastoma. Cancer Research, 64, 7011-7021. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/
Tunici, P., Bissola, E., Lualdi, E., Pollo, B., Cajola, L., Broggi, G., Sozzi, G. and Finocchiaro, G. (2004) Genetic Alterations and in Vivo Tumorigenicity of Neurospheres Derived from an Adult Glioblastoma. Molecular Cancer, 6, 3-25. http://www.molecular-cancer.com/
Downward, J. (2003) Targeting RAS Signalling Pathways in Cancer Therapy. Nature Review Cancer, 3, 11-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc969
Lo, H.W. (2010) Targeting Ras-RAF-ERK and Its Interactive Pathways as a Novel Therapy for Malignant Gliomas. Current Cancer Drug Targets, 10, 840-848. http://benthamscience.com/journal/index.php?journalID=ccdt http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800910793357970
Goudar, R.K., Shi, Q., Hjelmeland, M.D., Keir, S.T., McLendon, R.E., Wikstrand, C.J., Reese, E.D., Conrad, C.A., Traxler, P., Lane, H.A., Reardon, D.A., Cavenee, W.K., Wan, X.F., Bigner, D.D., Friedman, H.S. and Rich, J.N. (2005) Combination Therapy of Inhibitors of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (AEE788) and the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (RAD001) Offers Improved Glioblastoma Tumor Growth Inhibition. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 4, 101-112. http://www.researchgate.net/journal/1538-8514_Molecular_Cancer_Therapeutics
Kindt, T.J., Goldsby, R.A. and Osborne, B.A. (2007) Kuby Immunology. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York.
Lankat-Buttgereit, B. and Tampé, R. (1999) The Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing TAP: Structure and Function. FEBS Letters, 464, 108-112. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/febs-letters/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01676-2
Groettrup, M., van den Broek, M., Schwartz, K., Macagno, A., Khan, S., de Giuli, R. and Schmidtke, G. (2001) Structural Plasticity of the Proteasome and Its Function in Antigen Processing. Critical Reviews in Immunology, 21, 339-358. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_Reviews_in_Immunology
Niedermann, G. (2002) Immunological Functions of the Proteasome. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 268, 91-136. http://www.springer.com/series/82?detailsPage=titles http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59414-4_5
Rodríguez, J.A., Galeano, L., Palacios, D.M., Gómez, C., Serrano, M.L., Bravo, M.M. and Combita, A.L. (2012) Altered HLA Class I and HLA-G Expression Is Associated with IL-10 Expression in Patients with Cervical Cancer. Pathobiology, 79, 72-83. http://www.karger.com/Journal/Home/224272 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000334089
Stupp, R., Hegi, M. and Weller, M. (2010) Neuro-Oncology, a Decade of Temozolomide and beyond. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 10, 1675-1677. http://www.expert-reviews.com/loi/era http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/era.10.161
Wen, P.Y., Yung, W.K., Lamborn, K.R., Dahia, P.L., Wang, Y., Peng, B., Abrey, L.E., Raizer, J., Cloughesy, T.F., Fink, K., Gilbert, M., Chang, S., Junck, L., Schiff, D., Lieberman, F., Fine, H.A. and Prados, M.D. (2006) Phase I/II Study of Imatinib Mesylate for Recurrent Malignant Gliomas: North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study 99-08. Clinical Cancer Research, 12, 4899-4907. http://www.researchgate.net/journal/1078-0432_Clinical_Cancer_Research http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0773
Pan, Q., Chanthery, Y., Liang, W.C., Stawicki, S., Mak, J., Rathore, N., et al. (2007) Blocking Neuropilin-1 Function Has an Additive Effect with Anti-VEGF to Inhibit Tumor Growth. Cancer Cell, 11, 53-67. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/cancer-cell/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2006.10.018
Piwecka, M., Rolle, K., Wyszko, E., Zukiel, R., Nowak, S., Barciszewska, M.Z. and Barciszewski, J. (2011) Nucleic Acid-Based Technologies in Therapy of Malignant Gliomas. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 12, 1805-1822. http://benthamscience.com/journal/index.php?journalID=cpb http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920111798377067
Kjaergaard, J., Wang, L.X., Kuriyama, H., Shu, S. and Plautz, G.E. (2005) Active Immunotherapy for Advanced in Tracranialmurine Tumors by Using Dendritic Cell-Tumor Cell Fusion Vaccines. Journal of Neurosurgery, 103, 156-164. http://thejns.org/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2005.103.1.0156
Reardon, D.A., Quinn, J.A., Vredenburgh, J.J., Gururangan, S., Friedman, A.H., Desjardins, A., Sathornsumetee, S., Herndon II, J.E., Dowell, J.M., McLendon, R.E., Provenzale, J.M., Sampson, J.H., Smith, R.P., Swaisland, A.J., Ochs, J.S., Lyons, P., Tourt-Uhlig, S., Bigner, D.D., Friedman, H.S. and Rich, J.N. (2006) Phase 1 Trial of Gefitinib plus Sirolimus in Adults with Recurrent Malignant Glioma. Clinical Cancer Research, 12, 860-868. http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2215
Cavazzana-Calvo, M., Hacein-Bey-Abina, S. and Fischer, A. (2010) Ten Years of Gene Therapy: Thoughts and Perspectives. Medecine Science (Paris), 26, 115-118. http://www.medecinesciences.org/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2010262115
Hegi, M.E., Diserens, A.C., Gorlia, T., Hamou, M.F., de Tribolet, N., Weller, M., Kros, J.M., Hainfellner, J.A., Mason, W., Mariani, L., Bromberg, J.E., Hau, P., Mirimanoff, R.O., Cairncross, J.G., Janzer, R.C. and Stupp, R. (2005) MGMT Gene Silencing and Benefit from Temozolomide in Glioblastoma. The New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 997-1003. http://www.nejm.org/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa043331
Gorlia, T., van den Bent, M.J., Hegi, M.E., Mirimanoff, R.O., Weller, M., Cairncross, J.G., Eisenhauer, E., Belanger, K., Brandes, A.A., Allgeier, A., Lacombe, D. and Stupp, R. (2008) Nomograms for Predicting Survival of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: Prognostic Factor Analysis of EORTC and NCIC Trial 26981-22981/CE.3. The Lancet Oncology, 9, 29-38. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(07)70384-4
Stupp, R. and Hottinger, A.F. (2008) Management of Malignant Glioma—Quo Vadis? Onkologie, 31, 300-302. http://www.karger.com/Journal/Home/261189 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000134024
Fakhrai, H., Mantil, J.C., Liu, L., Nicholson, G.L., Murphy-Satter, C.S., Ruppert, J. and Shawler, D.L. (2006) Phase I Clinical Trial of a T5GF-Beta Antisense-Modified Tumor Cell Vaccine in Patients with Advanced Glioma. Cancer Gene Therapy, 13, 1052-1060. http://www.nature.com/cgt/index.html http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.cgt.7700975
Abele, R. and Tampe, R. (2006) Modulation of the Antigen Transport Machinery TAP by Friends and Enemies. FEBS Letters, 580, 1156-1163. http://www.febsletters.org/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2005.11.048
Townsend, S.E. and Allison, J.A. (1993) Tumor Rejection after Direct Costimulation of CD8+ T Cells by Transfected Melanoma Cells. Science, 259, 368-370. http://www.sciencedirect.com/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.7678351
Labropoulos, S.V. and Razis, E.D. (2007) Imatinib in the Treatment of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans. Biologics, 1, 347-353.
Benimetskaya, L. and Stein, C.A. (2002) Antisense Therapy: Recent Advances and Relevance to Prostate Cancer. Clinical Prostate Cancer, 1, 20-30. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/15400352
Jansen, B., Wacheck, V., Heere-Ress, E., Schlagbauer-Wadl, H., Hoeller, C., Lucas, T., Hoermann, M., Hollenstein, U., Wolff, K. and Pehamberger, H. (2000) Chemosensitization of Malignant Melanoma by BCL2 Antisense Therapy. The Lancet, 356, 1728-1733. http://www.thelancet.com/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03207-4
Zangemeister-Wittke, U. (2003) Antisense to Apoptosis Inhibitors Facilitates Chemotherapy and TRAIL-Induced Death Signaling. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1002, 90-94. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632/issues http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1281.019
Tang, J., Flomenberg, P., Harshyne, L., Kenyon, L. and Andrews, D.W. (2005) Glioblastoma Patients Exhibit Circulating Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cells. Clinical Cancer Research, 11, 5292-5299. http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0545
Rincon, O.L., Pareja, L.R., Jaramillo, S. and Aristizabal, B.H. (2007) Human Papillomavirus, Immune Response and Cervical Cancer: A Complex Relationship. Review Colombian of Obstetric and Ginecology, 58, 58-68.
Lemoine, F.M., Cherai, M., Giverne, C., Dimitri, D., Rosenzwajg, M., Trebeden-Negre, H., Chaput, N., Barro, B., Thioun, N., Gattegnio, B., Selles, F., Six, A., Azar, N., Lotz, J.P., Buzyn, A., Sibony, M., Delcourt, A., Boyer, O., Herson, S., Klatzmann, D. and Lacave, R. (2009) Massive Expansion of Regulatory T-Cells Following Interleukin 2 Treatment during a Phase I-II Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy of Metastatic Renal Cancer. International Journal of Oncology, 235, 569-581. http://www.spandidos-publications.com/ijo
Chappert, P., Leboeuf, M., Rameau, P., Lalfer, M., Desbois, S., Liblau, R.S., Danos, O., Davoust, J.M. and Gross, D.A. (2010) Antigen-Specifictreg Impair CD8+ T-Cell Priming by Blocking Early T-Cell Expansion. European Journal of Immunology, 40, 339-350. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4141 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200839107
Le Gall, T., Loizeau, D., Picquet, E., Carmoy, N., Yaouanc, J.J., Burel-Deschamps, L., Delépine, P., Giamarchi, P., Jaffrès, P.A, Lehn, P. and Montier, T. (2010) A Novel Cationic Lipophosphoramide with Diunsaturated Lipid Chain Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties and Transfection Activities. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 53, 1496-1508. http://pubs.acs.org/journal/jmcmar http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm900897a
Engelen, S., Trojan, L.A., Sacquin-Mora, S., Lavery, R. and Carbone, A. (2009) Joint Evolutionary Trees: A LargeScale Method to Predict Protein Interface Based on Sequence Sampling. PLoS Computational Biology, 5, Article ID: e1000267. http://www.ploscompbiol.org/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000267
Mack, J.T., Brown, C.B. and Tew, K.D. (2008) ABCA2 as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer and Nervous System Disorders. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 12, 491-450. http://informahealthcare.com/journal/ett http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14728222.12.4.491
Trojan, L.A., Wei, M.X., Jarocki, P., Glogowska, A., Ly, A., Czarny, J., Kopinski, P., Przewlocki, R., Henin, D. and Trojan, J. (2002) IGF-I: From Diagnostic to Triple-Helix Gene Therapy of Glioblastom. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 49, 979-990. http://www.actabp.pl/
Adachi, Y., Yamamoto, H., Ohashi, H., Endo, T., Carbone, D.P., Imai, K. and Shinomura, Y. (2010) A Candidate Targeting Molecule of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor for Gastrointestinal Cancers. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 16, 5779-5789. http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/index.jsp http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i46.5779
Moro-Sibilot, D.M., Coudurier, M. and Lantuejou, S. (2010) Targeting Insulin-Like Growth Factors in the Treatment of Cancer. Review des Maladies Respiratoires, 27, 959-963. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07618425
Sachdev, D. (2010) Targeting the Type I Insulin-Like Growth Factor System for Breast Cancer Therapy. Current Drug Targets, 11, 1121-1132. http://benthamscience.com/journal/index.php?journalID=cdt http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945010792006816
Zumkeller, W. (2002) IGFs and IGF-Binding Proteins as Diagnostic Markers and Biological Modulators in Brain Tumours. Experimental Review of Molecular Diagnostic, 2, 473-477. http://www.expert-reviews.com/toc/erm/8/3
Wu, Y., Yakar, S., Henninghausen, L. and Le Roith, D. (2002) Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Levels Regulatecolon Cancer Growth and Metastasis. Cancer Research, 62, 1030-1035. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/
Dietrich, P.Y., Dutoit, V., Tran Thang, N.N. and Walker, P.R. (2010) T-Cell Immunotherapy for Malignant Glioma: Toward a Combined Approach. Current Opinion in Oncology, 22, 604-610. http://journals.lww.com/co-oncology/pages/default.aspx http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCO.0b013e32833dead8
Iwami, K., Natsume, A. and Wakabayashi, T. (2010) Gene Therapy for High-Grade Glioma. Neurologia Medico, Chirurgica (Tokyo), 50, 727-736. http://jams.med.or.jp/journal_list/047_78e.html
Le Corre, S.S., Berchel, M., Belmadi, N., Denis, C., Haelters, J.P., Le Gall, T., Lehn, P., Montier, T. and Jaffrès, P.A. (2014) Cationic Lipophosforamidates with Two Different Lipid Chains: Synthesis and Evaluation as Gene Carriers. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 12, 1463-1474. http://pubs.rsc.org/en/journals/journalissues/ob#!recentarticles&all http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ob42270d