Association between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Microangiopathic Complications (Neuropathy and Nephropathy) in Subjects with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes — Oak Academic Publishing
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Association between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Microangiopathic Complications (Neuropathy and Nephropathy) in Subjects with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
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Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal
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Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal
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Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal
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Department of Internal Medicine, Abass Ndao Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal
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Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
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Department of Internal Medicine, Abass Ndao Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal
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Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
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Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal
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Medical Biology Laboratory, Diamniadio Children Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
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Department of Medical Biochemistry, Saint-Louis University, Saint-Louis, Senegal
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Department of Internal Medicine, Abass Ndao Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal
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Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
,
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
1 Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal
3 Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal
4 Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal
5 Department of Internal Medicine, Abass Ndao Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal
6 Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
7 Department of Internal Medicine, Abass Ndao Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal
8 Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
9 Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital Fann, Dakar, Senegal
10 Medical Biology Laboratory, Diamniadio Children Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
11 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Saint-Louis University, Saint-Louis, Senegal
12 Department of Internal Medicine, Abass Ndao Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal
13 Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
14 Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Senegal
This prospective case-control study aimed to assess the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia and explore its potential correlation with microangiopathic complications, specifically nephropathy and neuropathy, in a cohort of both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Conducted at the Marc Sankalé Center of Abass Ndao Hospital in Dakar from June to September 2018, the study enrolled a total of 106 diabetic patients, comprising 93 type 2 diabetics and 13 type 1 diabetics, who were matched with control subjects free from clinically detectable pathologies, based on sex and age ± 2 years. The mean age of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients was 24.46 ± 8.41 years and 57.28 ± 11.28 years, respectively. Our findings revealed a statistically significant elevation in mean homocysteine levels among patients when compared to controls (12.63 vs. 9.88; p < 0.0001). Hyperhomocysteinemia was observed in 24.5% of the patients, exclusively among those with type 2 diabetes. Within the hyperhomocysteinemia subgroup, 58% were male, and 42% were female. The analysis of neuropathy and nephropathy frequencies among type 2 diabetic patients, stratified by homocysteine concentrations, demonstrated a notably higher prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia compared to those with normohomocysteinemia (23.07% vs. 8.75%; p = 0.052). Similarly, diabetic neuropathy exhibited a significantly greater frequency in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia as opposed to normohomocysteinemia (80.76% vs. 50%; p = 0.005). Furthermore, our results established a significant positive correlation between homocysteine concentrations and both age (r = 0.402; p < 0.0001) and creatinine levels (r = 0.461; p < 0.0001). Bivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with hyperhomocysteinemia faced 3 times and 6 times higher risks of developing neuropathy (OR = 3.5; p = 0.061) and diabetic nephropathy (OR = 6.092; p = 0.014), respectively.
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