Research Back ground a nd Purpose: The number of diabetic patients is rapidly increasing, making it crucial to find methods to prevent diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of blindness. We investigated the effects of prophylactic pattern scanning laser retinal photocoagulation on DR development in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats as a new prevention approach. Methods: Photocoagulation was applied to the right eyes of 8-week-old Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats, with the left eyes serving as untreated controls. Electroretinography at 9 and 39 weeks of age and pathological examinations, including immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor and glial fibrillary acidic protein at 24 and 40 weeks of age, were performed on both eyes. Results: There were no significant differences in amplitude and prolongation of the OP waves between the right and left eyes in SDT fatty rats at 39 weeks of age. Similarly, no significant differences in pathology and immunohistochemistry were observed between the right and left eyes in SDT fatty rats at 24 and 40 weeks of age. Conclusion: Prophylactic pattern scanning retinal laser photocoagulation did not affect the development of diabetic retinopathy in SDT fatty rats.
International Diabetes Federation (2021) IDF Diabetes Atlas. 10th Edition, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels.
Yau, J.W.Y., Rogers, S.L., Kawasaki, R., Lamoureux, E.L., Kowalski, J.W., Bek, T., et al . (2012) Global Prevalence and Major Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy. D i abetes Care , 35, 556-564. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1909
Thomas, R.L., Halim, S., Gurudas, S., Sivaprasad, S. and Owens, D.R. (2019) IDF Diabetes Atlas: A Review of Studies Utilising Retinal Photography on the Global Prevalence of Diabetes Related Retinopathy between 2015 and 2018. Diabetes R e search and Clinical Practice , 157, Article 107840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107840
Zegeye, A.F., Temachu, Y.Z. and Mekonnen, C.K. (2023) Prevalence and Factors Associated with Diabetes Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Northwest Amhara Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia 2021. BMC Ophthalmology , 23, Article No. 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-022-02746-8
Teo, Z.L., Tham, Y., Yu, M., Chee, M.L., Rim, T.H., Cheung, N., et al . (2021) Global Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Projection of Burden through 2045. Op h thalmology , 128, 1580-1591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.04.027
Shinohara, M., Masuyama, T., Shoda, T., Takahashi, T., Katsuda, Y., Komeda, K., et al . (2000) A New Spontaneously Diabetic Non‐Obese Torii Rat Strain with Severe Ocular Complications. Journal of Diabetes Research , 1, 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1155/edr.2000.89
Masuyama, T., Katsuda, Y. and Shinohara, M. (2005) A Novel Model of Obesity-Related Diabetes: Introgression of the Lepr fa Allele of the Zucker Fatty Rat into Nonobese Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) Rats. Experimental Animals , 54, 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.54.13
Matsui, K., Ohta, T., Oda, T., Sasase, T., Ueda, N., Miyajima, K., et al . (2008) Diabetes-Associated Complications in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats. Exp e rimental Animals , 57, 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.57.111
Tanaka, Y., Takagi, R., Ohta, T., Sasase, T., Kobayashi, M., Toyoda, F., et al . (2019) Pathological Features of Diabetic Retinopathy in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats. Journal of Diabetes Research , 2019, Article 8724818. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8724818
Fung, T.H., Patel, B., Wilmot, E.G. and Amoaku, W.M. (2022) Diabetic Retinopathy for the Non-Ophthalmologist. Clinical Medicine , 22, 112-116. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2021-0792
Kitano, S. (2005) Advances in Photocoagulation. Journal of the Japan Diabetes S o ciety , 48, 725-728.
Royle, P., Mistry, H., Auguste, P., Shyangdan, D., Freeman, K., Lois, N., et al . (2015) Pan-Retinal Photocoagulation and Other Forms of Laser Treatment and Drug Therapies for Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Systematic Review and Economic Evaluation. Health Technology Assessment , 19, 1-248. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta19510
Yamagishi, S. and Imaizumi, T. (2005) AGEs and Oxidative Stress. Journal of the Japan Diabetes Society , 48, 407-409.
Yamagishi, S., Inagaki, Y., Amano, S., Okamoto, T., Takeuchi, M. and Makita, Z. (2002) Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Protects Cultured Retinal Pericytes from Advanced Glycation End Product-Induced Injury through Its Antioxidative Properties. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , 296, 877-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00940-3
Porta, M., Curletto, G., Cipullo, D., Rigault de la Longrais, R., Trento, M., Passera, P., et al . (2014) Estimating the Delay between Onset and Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes from the Time Course of Retinopathy Prevalence. Diabetes Care , 37, 1668-1674. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-2101
Hirano, T., Akahane, K., Toriyama, Y., Iesato, Y. and Murata, T. (2013) Evaluation of Time-Dependent Morphologic Changes Caused by Photocoagulation with Pattern Scan Laser. Journal Eye Science , 30, 1435-1439.
Ueno, T. (2011) Current Status of Laser Treatment in Ophthalmology. The Review of Laser Engineering , 39, 85-89. https://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.39.85
Okubo, A., Morishita, S., Kakurai, K., Suzuki, H., Satou, T., Ishizaki, E., Kida, T., Ueki, M. and Ikeda, T. (2013) Comparison between Conventional Panretinal Photocoagulation and Pattern Scan Laser Photocoagulation for Treating Diabetic Retinopathy. Journal Eye Science , 30, 1457-1460.
Everett, L.A. and Paulus, Y.M. (2021) Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema. Current Diabetes Reports , 21, Article No. 35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-021-01403-6
Evans, J.R., Michelessi, M. and Virgili, G. (2014) Laser Photocoagulation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , No. 8, CD011234. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011234
Muramoto, S. (1975) Kinetic Transmission Velocity in Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of the Juzen Medical Society , 84, 24-28.
Chu, Y., Alder, V.A., Humphrey, M.F. and Constable, I.J. (1999) Localization of IgG in the Normal and Dystrophic Rat Retina after Laser Lesions. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology , 27, 117-125. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1606.1999.00164.x
Richardson, P.R., Boulton, M.E., Duvall-Young, J. and McLeod, D. (1996) Immunocytochemical Study of Retinal Diode Laser Photocoagulation in the Rat. British Journal of Ophthalmology , 80, 1092-1098. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.80.12.1092
Tarr, J.M., Kaul, K., Chopra, M., Kohner, E.M. and Chibber, R. (2013) Pathophysiology of Diabetic Retinopathy. ISRN Ophthalmology , 2013, Article 343560. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/343560