Simultaneous Adsorption of Aqueous Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Cd 2+ Using Surfactant-Modified and Unmodified Activated Carbon in a Fixed Bed Column — Oak Academic Publishing
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Simultaneous Adsorption of Aqueous Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Cd 2+ Using Surfactant-Modified and Unmodified Activated Carbon in a Fixed Bed Column
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
,
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
,
National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI), Abuja, Nigeria
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
3 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
4 National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI), Abuja, Nigeria
The goal of this work is to improve the simultaneous removal of Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Cd 2+ ions from synthetic wastewater in a fixed bed column by incorporating sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto the surface of activated carbon made from coconut shells. The activated carbons were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). The adsorption column dynamics were studied by varying the flow rates (5, 10 and 15 mL/min), bed heights (10, 15 and 20 cm), and initial concentrations (50, 150, and 250 mg/L). The activated carbon has a pore volume of 0.715 cm 3 /g and a BET-specific surface area of 1410 m 2 /g. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant incorporation onto the surface of the activated carbon enhances its capacity for simultaneous adsorption of Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Cd 2+ from the aqueous medium. The affinity of the heavy metals to both unmodified (AC) and modified (AC-SDS) activated carbons followed the order of Pb 2+ > Cu 2+ > Zn 2+ > Cd 2+ . The dynamic adsorption of the column depends on the flow rate, bed height, initial metal concentration, and SDS surface modification. With a 5 mL/min flow rate, a 20 cm bed height, and a 50 mg/L initial metal concentration, a maximum break-through time of 150 minutes for the unmodified activated carbon (AC) and 180 minutes for the SDS-modified activated carbon (AC-SDS) was reached.
KeywordsAdsorptionSurfactant-Modified Activated CarbonMulticomponentBreakthroughAdsorption CapacityFixed Bed Column
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