Analysis of the Electromagnetic Pollution for a Pilot Region in Turkey
- 1
- 2
- 3
Abstract
In this paper, electromagnetic (EM) pollution (or radiation) measurements in a transmitter region were performed and statistical analysis of values recorded for the EM sources causing pollution was carried out. The actual measurement values and the estimated values by the analysis model obtained through the statistical analysis were compared. EM radiation levels were measured in the districts of Turkish capital Ankara where cellular base stations and TV/Radio stations are densely populated. EM Radiation (EMR) levels were measured for the GSM900, GSM1800, UHF4, VHF4 and VHF5 stations for certain spectrum ranges under far-field conditions by utilizing isotropic field probe and selective spectrum analyzer. The obtained measurement levels were compared with the limit values given by International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The results are discussed, regarding both the obtained values that influence the measurements.
- S. Miclausi and P. Bechet, “Estimated and measured values of the RF radiation power density around cellular base stations,” Environment Physics, Bucharest, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 429–440, 2007.
- B. I. Wu, A. I. Cox, and J. A. Kong, “Experimental methodology for non-thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation on biologics,” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 533–548, 2007.
- C. Giliberti, F. Boella, et al., “Electromagnetic mapping of urban areas: The example of Monselice (Italy),” PIERS Online, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 56–60, 2009.
- A. R. Ozdemir, “Radio frequency electromagnetic fields levels in urban areas of Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir and protection techniques,” Thesis for Expertise, Telecommunication Society, Ankara, Turkey, 2004.
- A. Shachar, R. Hareuveny, M. Margaliot, and G. Shani, “Measurements and analysis of environmental radio frequency electromagnetic radiation in various locations in Israel,” Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Israel, 2004.
- K. Voudouris and P. Grammatikakis, “Radiation measurements at short wave antenna park,” Department of Electronic, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, 2005.
- R. Hamid, M. Cetintas, et al., “Measurement of electromagnetic radiation from GSM base stations,” IEEE International Symposium on EMC, TUBITAK-UME, Gebze, 2003.
- P. Getsov, D. Teodosiev, et al., “Methods for monitoring electromagnetic pollution in the Western Balkan environment,” SENS’2007, 3rd Scientific Conference with International Participation Space, Ecology, Nanotechnology, Safety, Varna, 2007.
- D. Gujarati, “Basic econometrics,” Literature Publishing, Turkey, 2001.
- M. Sevuktekin and M. Nargelecekenler, “Time series analysis,” Nobel Publishing, Turkey, 2005.
- H. Emec, “Time series econometry I: Stability, unit roots,” IIBF, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 2007.
- H. C. Thode, “Methods of probability plotting,” CRC Press, 2006.
- J. Gibbons and S. Chakraborti, “Nonparametric statistical inference,” 4th Ed., CRC Press, 2003.
- ICNIRP, “Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz),” Health Physics, Vol. 74, No. 4, pp. 494–522, 1998.