A revised quantum electrodynamic theory by the author is reconsidered, in respect to the basic concepts established by M. Planck and H.B.G. Casimir on the Zero Point Energy (ZPE) and by A. Einstein on Special Relativity. Attention is given to the new properties of its field equations and their applications. These equations include results not being available from conventional theory and the Standard Model. This concerns the internal structure of elementary particles, such as the photon, the electron, muon and tauon, the Z boson, and the so called Higgs particle detected in the experiments at the laboratory of CERN. A possible unification of electrodynamics and the strong nuclear force is further provided by the theory. Finally, there are aspects on the expanding universe represented by a new interpretation of dark matter and dark energy in terms of the ZPE.
KeywordsQuantum ElectrodynamicsStandard Model and BeyondZero Point EnergyHiggs ParticleUnification of Electrodynamics and the Strong ForceExpanding UniverseDark Matter and Dark Energy
Ryder, L.H. (1996) Quantum Field Theory. 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813900
Feynman, R.P. (1964) Lectures in Physics: Mainly Electromagnetism and Matter, Mathematics in Science and Engineering. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, p. 28-1.
Lehnert, B. (2014) Revised Quantum Electrodynamics. In: Dvoeglazov, V.V., Ed., Contemporary Fundamental Physics, Nova Science Publishers, New York, 1-154.
Lehnert, B. (2014) Some Consequences of Zero Point Energy. Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, 6, 319-327. https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2014.610032
Quigg, C. (2008) The Coming Revolution in Particle Physics. Scientific American, 298, 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0208-46
Aad, G., et al. (2012) ATLAS Collaboration. Observation of a New Particle in the Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC. Physics Letters B, 716, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.020
Chatrchyan, S., et al. (2012) CMS Collaboration. Observation of a New Boson at a Mass of 125 GeV with the CMS Experiment at the LHS. Physics Letters B, 716, 30-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.021
Mosher, D. (2007) Greatest Mysteries: What Causes Gravity? http://www.livescience.com/1770-greatest-mysteries-gravity.html
Schiff, L.I. (1949) Quantum Mechanics. McGraw-Hill Book Comp., Inc., New York-Toronto-London, Ch. IV, Sec. 13.
Casimir, H.B.G. (1948) On the Attraction between Two Perfectly Conducting Plates. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, 51, 793-795.
Lamoreaux, S.K. (1997) Demonstration of the Casimir Force in the 0.6 to 6 μm Range. Physical Review Letters, 78, 5-8. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.5
Abbott, L. (1988) The Mystery of the Cosmogical Constant. Scientific American, 258, 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0588-106
Heitler, W. (1954) The Quantum Theory of Radiation. Clarendon Press, Oxford, Appendix, p. 409.
Lehnert, B. (2008) Failure of Maxwell’s Equations as a Basis for a Photon Model in the Vacuum State. International Review of Physics (I.R.E.PHY), 2, 337-340.
Lehnert, B. (2013) On the Angular Momentum and the Rest Mass of the Photon. Journal of Plasma Physics, 79, 1133-1135. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002237781300069X
Lehnert, B. (2005) Screw-Shaped Light in Extended Electromagnetics. Physica Scripta, 72, 359-365. https://doi.org/10.1238/Physica.Regular.072a00359
Lehnert, B. (2006) Photon Physics in Revised Electromagnetics. Progress in Physics, 2, 78-85.
Lehnert, B. (2007) Joint Wave-Particle Properties of the Individual Photon. Progress in Physics, 4, 104-108.
Lehnert, B. (2011) The Individual Photon in Two-Slit Experiments. International Review of Physics, 5, 15-18.
Lehnert, B. (2006) Boundary Conditions and Spin of a Dense Light Beam. Physica Scripta, 74, 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/74/1/020
Lehnert, B. (2010) Deduced Fundamental Properties of the Electron. International Review of Physics, 4, 1-6.
Lehnert, B. (2008) A Revised Electromagnetic Theory with Fundamental Applications. The National Library of Sweden, Stockholm, Bogoljubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev 2008.
Lehnert, B. and Scheffel, J. (2002) On the Minimum Elementary Charge of an Extended Electromagnetic Theory. Physica Scripta, 65, 200-207. https://doi.org/10.1238/Physica.Regular.065a00200
Lehnert, B. and Höök, J. (2010) An Electron Model with Elementary Charge. Journal of Plasma Physics, 76, 419-428.
Lehnert, B. (2016) Revised Quantum Electrodynamics in a Condensed Form. Journal of Modern Physics, 7, 1316-1319. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2016.711117
Lehnert, B. (2013) Higgs-Like Particle Due to Revised Quantum Electrodynamics. Progress in Physics, 3, 31-32.
Lehnert, B. (2014) Mass-Radius Relations of Z and Higgs-Like Bosons. Progress in Physics, 10, 5-7.
Lehnert, B. (2015) Some Elucidations of the Theory on Revised Quantum Electrodynamics. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 1695-1700. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2015.611171
Lehnert, B. (2015) Minimum Mass of a Composite Boson. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 2074-2079. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2015.614214
Lehnert, B. (2017) Intrinsic Particle Charges and the Strong Force. Journal of Modern Physics, 8, 1053-1066. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2017.87067
Riordan, M. and Zajk, W.A. (2006) The First Few Seconds. Scientific American, 294, 34-41. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0506-34A
Bethe, H.A. (1947) Elementary Nuclear Theory. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, and Chapman and Hall, Ltd., London, Ch. 2, 118.
Riess, A.G. and Turner, M.S. (2004) From Slowdown to Speedup. Scientific American, 290, 50-55. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0204-62
Lehnert, B. (2009) On Dark Energy and Matter of the Expanding Universe. Progress in Physics, 2, 77-82.
Lehnert, B. (2013) Dark Energy and Dark Matter as due to Zero Point Energy. Journal of Plasma Physics, 79, 327-334. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377812001055
Linde, A. (1994) The Self-Reproducing Inflationary Universe. Scientific American, 32, 32-39. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1194-48
Linder, E. and Perlmutter, S. (2007) Dark Energy: The Decade Ahead. Physics World, 20, 24-30. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/20/12/29
Lehnert, B. (2014) Extended Analysis of the Casimir Force. Progress in Physics, 10, 76-78.