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Assessment of the Water Quality Index in the Semani River in Albania
Department of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture University of Tirana, Rruga Pajsi Vodica, Koder Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
Department of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture University of Tirana, Rruga Pajsi Vodica, Koder Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Rruga Muhamet Gjollesha, Tirana, Albania
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Rruga Muhamet Gjollesha, Tirana, Albania
Department of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture University of Tirana, Rruga Pajsi Vodica, Koder Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
Department of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture University of Tirana, Rruga Pajsi Vodica, Koder Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Economics and Agribusiness, Agriculture University of Tirana, Rruga Pajsi Vodica, Koder Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
Department of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture University of Tirana, Rruga Pajsi Vodica, Koder Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
- 1 Department of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture University of Tirana, Rruga Pajsi Vodica, Koder Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
- 2 Department of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture University of Tirana, Rruga Pajsi Vodica, Koder Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
- 3 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Rruga Muhamet Gjollesha, Tirana, Albania
- 4 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Rruga Muhamet Gjollesha, Tirana, Albania
- 5 Department of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture University of Tirana, Rruga Pajsi Vodica, Koder Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
- 6 Department of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture University of Tirana, Rruga Pajsi Vodica, Koder Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
- 7 Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Economics and Agribusiness, Agriculture University of Tirana, Rruga Pajsi Vodica, Koder Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
- 8 Department of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture University of Tirana, Rruga Pajsi Vodica, Koder Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
Journal of Environmental Protection·Volume 11 (2020)·Pages 998–1013·Published 5 November 2020·DOI10.4236/jep.2020.1111063
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Abstract
Nowadays the human activity has increased the pressure on surface water quality. The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental quality of the Seman River water (in Southern part of Albania) through a 5-year monitoring program of 14 parameters (pH, DO, EC, TSS, Cl - , NO<sup>-</sup><sub style="margin-left:-7px;">3</sub> , Total-N, Total-P, BOD 5 , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ and Temp. ° C), that determine the environmental status of this waterbody, as well as the application of WQI (CCME) through a multivariable approach. Based on the cluster dendogram results, it can be concluded that during wet seasons such as winter-spring, there are more sediments which influence other physic-chemical parameters, while during dry seasons (summer-autumn) there are more decomposition reactions of elements released by sediments and influenced by temperature. PCA analysis determines whether the groups of factors correlate strongly or not, depending on the internal structures of the groups and variables “heavy” or latent and vary from season to season with differentiated contributions to the water quality. All three factors influence WQI to the extent of 56% in the summer and spring season and 64% and 40% in the autumn and winter season, respectively.
KeywordsClusterPCA (Principal Component Analysis)Physicochemical ParametersSeman RiverWQI (Water Quality Index)
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