Peatlands are unique and complex natural ecosystems that are part of the most important carbon reservoirs on our planet, home to a diversity of microorganisms responsible for fermentation, humification or peat. The aim is to understand chemical and biological indicators of peatland soils. This work aims to determine the physicochemical and bacteriological profile and lipolytic activity of soil bacteria in Bilanko peatlands. The bacterial profile with the production of lipases is carried out by classical microbiology techniques. The results show that the soils are moderately acidic with temperatures of 27.8˚C ± 0.01˚C for Bilanko and 27.1˚C ± 0.57˚C for Ngamakala. The electroconductivity (EC) varies from (9.52 ± 0.002) μS/cm to (39.01 ± 1.4) μS/cm with low turbidity of (2.04 ± 0.66) mg/L to (31.02 ± 0.84) mg/L and low ion concentrations with, however, a richness in phenolic compounds for Bilanko compared to Ngamakala. FMAT diversity ranged from (1.71 ± 0.88)∙10 4 UFC/g to (2.92 ± 0.07)∙10 5 UFC/g for Bilanko and (1.30 ± 0.73)∙10 4 UFC/g to (2.89 ± 0.06)∙10 4 UFC/g for Ngamakala. Bacillus loads ranged from (5.20 ± 1.40)∙10 3 CFU/g to (1.22 ± 0.13)∙10 4 CFU/g and from (1.11 ± 0.13)∙10 4 CFU/g to (9.20 ± 2.05)∙10 3 CFU/g; enterobacteria loads from (1.40 ± 0.76)∙10 3 CFU/g to (8.80 ± 1.73)∙10 3 CFU/g and from (1.01 ± 0.02)∙10 3 CFU/g to (9.20 ± 2.05)∙10 3 CFU/g; in Pseudomonas from 0 to (2.30 ± 0.53)∙10 2 CFU/g and from 0 to (8.90 ± 2.35)∙10 2 CFU/g for Bilanko and Ngamakala respectively. These results reveal a variation in bacterial similarity and distribution in the Bilanko and Ngamakala peat bogs.
KeywordsBacteriaLipasePolyphenolSoilPeat BogRepublic of Congo
Campbell-Renaud, E. (2014) L’exploitation des tourbières dans une perspective de développement durable. Ph.D. Thesis, Université de Sherbrooke.
Van Breemen, N. (1995) How Sphagnum Bogs down Other Plants. Trends in Ecology & Evolution , 10, 270-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(95)90007-1
Xu, J., Morris, P.J., Liu, J. and Holden, J. (2018) PEATMAP: Refining Estimates of Global Peatland Distribution Based on a Meta-Analysis. CATENA , 160, 134-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.010
Page, S.E. and Baird, A.J. (2016) Peatlands and Global Change: Response and Resilience. Annual Review of Environment and Resources , 41, 35-57. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085520
Parish, F., Sirin, A., Charman, D., Joosten, H., Minayeva, T. and Silvius, M. (2008) Assessment on Peatlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change: Main Report. Global Environment Centre, Kuala Lumpur, et Wetlands International, Wageningen, 179.
Bragazza, L., Siffi, C., Iacumin, P. and Gerdol, R. (2007) Mass Loss and Nutrient Release during Litter Decay in Peatland: The Role of Microbial Adaptability to Litter Chemistry. Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 39, 257-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.07.014
Bridgham, S.D. and Richardson, C.J. (2002) Endogenous versus Exogenous Nutrient Control over Decomposition and Mineralization in North Carolina Peatlands. Biogeochemistry , 65, 151-178. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026026212581
Rydin, H. and Jeglum, J.K. (2006) The Biology of Peatlands. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528722.001.0001
Fatima, L.D. and Francis, M. (2008) Les tourbières et leur rôle de stockage de carbone face aux changements climatiques. https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00321655
Morabandza, C.J., Gatsé, E.V., Mboukou Kimbatsa, I.M.C., Onyankouag, I.S., Ifo, S.A. and Nguimbi, E. (2022) Characterization of Isolated Bacteria from Soils in the Likouala Peat Bog Area (Republic of Congo). American Journal of Microbiological Research , 10, 59-70.
Gatsé, E.V., Mboukou Kimbatsa, I.M.C., Morabandza, C.J., Mfoutou Mampanguy, C.C., Ifo, S.A. and Nguimbi, E. (2023) Molecular Identification of Isolated Bacteria from Soils in Likouala Peat Bog Area, Republic of Congo. Open Journal of Soil Science , 13, 263-274. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2023.136011
Subhasree, B., Baskar, R., Laxmi Keerthana, R., Lijina Susan, R. and Rajasekaran, P. (2009) Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential in Selected Green Leafy Vegetables. Food Chemistry , 115, 1213-1220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.029
Didine, P.M., Etienne, N., Stéphanie, G., Philippe, M., Simon, C.K. and Edouard, M. (2018) Assessment of Dominant Bacterial Strains Isolated from Ntoba Mbodi, an Indigenous African Alkaline-Fermented Food, and Their Potential Enzyme Activities. African Journal of Microbiology Research , 12, 779-787. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2018.8875
Nguimbi, E., Jonas Morabandza, C., Brice Vouidibio Mbozo, A., Huguette Belle Mbou, M., Norgela Miakassissa, S. and Armel Soloka Mabika, F. (2020) Microbial Biodiversity of a Traditional Food Made from Squash Seeds “NTETE” Consumed in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology , 5, 83-92. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20200503.12
Dauga, C., Doré, J. and Sghir, A. (2005) La diversité insoupçonnée du monde microbien. Médecine /Sciences , 21, 290-296. https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2005213290
Armel SolokaMabika, F., Nguimbi, E., Christian Kayath, A. and Ahombo, G. (2020) Molecular Characterization of Bacillus-Genus Bacteria with Fibrinolytic Potential Isolated from Squashes «NTETE» in Brazzaville in the Republic of Congo. American Journal of Microbiological Research , 8, 7-18. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-8-1-2
Faly, S., Moyen, R., Nguimbi, E., Ahombo, G., Ampa, R., Kayath, A., et al . (2017) Production, Partial Purification and Based SDS-PAGE Profiles of Caseinolytic Enzyme in Two Bacillus Strains Isolated from Fermented Cassava Leaves “ Ntoba mbodi ” in Congo Brazzaville. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology , 11, 77-86. https://doi.org/10.22207/jpam.11.1.11
Charousová, I., Medo, J., Hleba, L., Císarová, M. and Javoreková, S. (2019) Antimicrobial Activity of Actinomycetes and Characterization of Actinomycin-Producing Strain KRG-1 Isolated from Karoo, South Africa. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 55, e17249. https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902019000217249
Sztajer, H., Maliszewska, I. and Wieczorek, J. (1988) Production of Exogenous Lipases by Bacteria, Fungi, and Actinomycetes. Enzyme and Microbial Technology , 10, 492-497. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(88)90027-0
Standing, D. and Killham, K. (2006) The Soil Environment. In: van Elsas, J.D., Trevors, J.T., Jansson, J.K. and Nannipieri, P., Eds., Modern Soil Microbiology , 2nd Edition, CRC Press, 1-22.
Kim, S., Freeman, C., Fenner, N. and Kang, H. (2012) Functional and Structural Responses of Bacterial and Methanogen Communities to 3-Year Warming Incubation in Different Depths of Peat Mire. Applied Soil Ecology , 57, 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.02.015
Finn, D.R., Ziv-El, M., van Haren, J., Park, J.G., del Aguila-Pasquel, J., Urquiza-Muñoz, J.D., et al . (2020) Methanogens and Methanotrophs Show Nutrient-Dependent Community Assemblage Patterns across Tropical Peatlands of the Pastaza-Marañón Basin, Peruvian Amazonia. Frontiers in Microbiology , 11, Article 746. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00746
Faragallah, H., Askar, A., Okbah, M. and Moustafa, H. (2009) Physico-Chemical Characteristics of the Open Mediterranean Sea Water Far about 60 km from Damietta Harbor, Egypt. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment , 1, 106-119.
Rochefort, I., Gauthier, R. and Lequéré, D. (1995) Sphagnum Regeneration-Toward an Optimisation of Bog Restoration. In: Wheeler, B.D., Shaw, S.C., Fojt, W.J. and Robertson, R.A., Eds., Restauration of Temperate Wetlands , John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 423-434.
Groffman, P.M., Hanson, G.C., Kiviat, E. and Stevens, G. (1996) Variation in Microbial Biomass and Activity in Four Different Wetland Types. Soil Science Society of America Journal , 60, 622-629. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000020041x
Tietema, A., Duysings, J.J.H.M., Verstraten, J.M. and Westerveld, J.W. (1990) Estimation of Actual Nitrification Rates in an Acid Forest Soil. In: Harrison, F., Ineson, P. and Heal, O.W., Eds., Nutrient Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems : Field Methods , Application and Interpretation , Elsevier, 190-197.
Verhoeven, J.T.A. and Liefveld, W.M. (1997) The Ecological Significance of Organochemical Compounds in Sphagnum . Acta Botanica Neerlandica , 46, 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.1997.46.2.117
Richy, E. (2021) Rôle de la diversité des microorganismes sur le fonctionnement des tourbieres dans un contexte de changement climatique. Thèse de doctorat, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour.
Waksman, S.A. and Stevens, K.R. (1929) Contribution to the Chemical Composition of Peat. Soil Science , 28, 315. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-192910000-00001
Manon, C. (1996) Comparaison microbienne de substrats tourbeux naturels et résiduels. Mémoire de Master, Faculté des études supérieures de l’Université de Laval.
Barjac, H. (1955) Essai d’interprétation bactériologique de sols tourbeux acides. Thèse de doctorat en Sciences Naturelles. Université de Paris.