In this study, a weak acid-resistant strain SW-1 was isolated from the aeration tank of the sewage treatment plant at Shanxi Normal University and identified as Delftia lacustris . It exhibited a high capability for degrading aniline up to 1500 mg/L. Under optimal conditions (pH 6.0, 30˚C), 1000 mg/L of aniline was nearly completely degraded within 32 hours. When utilizing sodium acetate, glucose, and folic acid as co-metabolic carbon and nitrogen sources, the strain demonstrated enhanced degradation efficiency for aniline. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that the strain degrades aniline via the meta-cleavage pathway. This finding could provide a theoretical basis and practical material for the treatment of aniline pollution. The adaptability of strain SW-1 to diverse cultivation conditions signifies its potential for degrading aniline in weak-acid industrial wastewater.
Pinheiro, H.M., Touraud, E. and Thomas, O. (2004) Aromatic Amines from Azo Dye Reduction: Status Review with Emphasis on Direct UV Spectrophotometric Detection in Textile Industry Wastewaters. Dyes and Pigments , 61, 121-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2003.10.009
O’Neill, F.J., Bromley-Challenor, K.C.A., Greenwood, R.J. and Knapp, J.S. (2000) Bacterial Growth on Aniline: Implications for the Biotreatment of Industrial Wastewater. Water Research , 34, 4397-4409. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00215-3
Huang, J., Ling, J., Kuang, C., Chen, J., Xu, Y. and Li, Y. (2018) Microbial Biodegradation of Aniline at Low Concentrations by Pigmentiphaga daeguensis Isolated from Textile Dyeing Sludge. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation , 129, 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2018.01.013
Zhang, C., Chen, H., Xue, G., Liu, Y., Chen, S. and Jia, C. (2021) A Critical Review of the Aniline Transformation Fate in Azo Dye Wastewater Treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production , 321, Article ID: 128971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128971
Vangnai, A.S. and Petchkroh, W. (2007) Biodegradation of 4-Chloroaniline by Bacteria Enriched from Soil. FEMS Microbiology Letters , 268, 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00579.x
Bengtsson, G. and Carlsson, C. (2001) Contribution of Suspended and Sorbed Groundwater Bacteria to Degradation of Dissolved and Sorbed Aniline. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology , 57, 234-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530100682
Tao, N., Liu, G., Bai, L., Tang, L. and Guo, C. (2017) Genotoxicity and Growth Inhibition Effects of Aniline on Wheat. Chemosphere , 169, 467-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.063
Zhang, X., Song, J., Ji, W., Xu, N., Gao, N., Zhang, X., et al. (2015) Phase-Selective Gelators Based on Closed-Chain Glucose Derivatives: Their Applications in the Removal of Dissolved Aniline/Nitrobenzene, and Toxic Dyes from Contaminated Water. Journal of Materials Chemistry A , 3, 18953-18962. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01232e
Jiang, Y., Wei, L., Yang, K., Shi, X. and Wang, H. (2017) Rapid Formation of Aniline-Degrading Aerobic Granular Sludge and Investigation of Its Microbial Community Succession. Journal of Cleaner Production , 166, 1235-1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.134
Li, X., Feng, Y., Wang, X., Chen, H., Qiu, L. and Yu, Y. (2023) Advanced Degradation of Refractory Organic Compounds in Electroplating Wastewater by an in-Situ Electro-Catalytic Biological Coupling Reactor: Removal Performance, Microbial Community and Possible Mechanism. Science of The Total Environment , 905, Article ID: 167299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167299
Hou, L., Wu, Q., Gu, Q., Zhou, Q. and Zhang, J. (2018) Community Structure Analysis and Biodegradation Potential of Aniline-Degrading Bacteria in Biofilters. Current Microbiology , 75, 918-924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-018-1466-4
Peres, C.M., Naveau, H. and Agathos, S.N. (1998) Biodegradation of Nitrobenzene by Its Simultaneous Reduction into Aniline and Mineralization of the Aniline Formed. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology , 49, 343-349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530051180
Boon, N., Goris, J., De Vos, P., Verstraete, W. and Top, E.M. (2001) Genetic Diversity among 3-Chloroaniline-and Aniline-Degrading Strains of the Comamonadaceae . Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 67, 1107-1115. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.3.1107-1115.2001
Jiang, Y., Shang, Y., Zhou, J., Yang, K. and Wang, H. (2016) Characterization and Biodegradation Potential of an Aniline-Degrading Strain of Pseudomonas JA1 at Low Temperature. Desalination and Water Treatment , 57, 25011-25017. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1149889
Jin, Q., Hu, Z., Jin, Z., Qiu, L., Zhong, W. and Pan, Z. (2012) Biodegradation of Aniline in an Alkaline Environment by a Novel Strain of the Halophilic Bacterium, Dietzia natronolimnaea JQ-AN. Bioresource Technology , 117, 148-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.068
Liu, Y., Qu, D., Wen, Y. and Ren, H. (2015) Low-Temperature Biodegradation of Aniline by Freely Suspended and Magnetic Modified Pseudomonas migulae AN-1. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology , 99, 5317-5326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6399-2
Zhu, M., Bo, Y., Sun, Y., Wang, Y., Su, Y., Liu, Q., et al. (2024) Condition Optimization, Molecular Mechanism and Metabolic Pathway of P-Chloroaniline Biodegradation Enhanced by Aniline as the Co-substrate. Biochemical Engineering Journal , 211, Article ID: 109460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2024.109460
Yin, Y., Zhang, Q. and Peng, H. (2023) Retrospect and Prospect of Aerobic Biodegradation of Aniline: Overcome Existing Bottlenecks and Follow Future Trends. Journal of Environmental Management , 330, Article ID: 117133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117133
Wyndham, R.C. (1986) Evolved Aniline Catabolism in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus during Continuous Culture of River Water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 51, 781-789. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.51.4.781-789.1986
Marchut-Mikołajczyk, O., Drożdżyński, P., Januszewicz, B., Domański, J. and Wrześniewska-Tosik, K. (2019) Degradation of Ozonized Tire Rubber by Aniline-Degrading Candida methanosorbosa BP6 Strain. Journal of Hazardous Materials , 367, 8-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.045
Chen, H., Sun, C., Liu, R., Yuan, M., Mao, Z., Wang, Q., et al. (2021) Enrichment and Domestication of a Microbial Consortium for Degrading Aniline. Journal of Water Process Engineering , 42, Article ID: 102108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102108
Li, S., Geng, Y., Bao, C., Mei, Q., Shi, T., Ma, X., et al. (2024) Complete Biodegradation of Fungicide Carboxin and Its Metabolite Aniline by Delftia sp. HFL-1. Science of the Total Environment , 912, Article ID: 168957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168957
Bayramoğlu, G. and Arıca, M.Y. (2008) Removal of Heavy Mercury(II), Cadmium(II) and Zinc(II) Metal Ions by Live and Heat Inactivated Lentinus Edodes Pellets. Chemical Engineering Journal , 143, 133-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.01.002
Dursun, A.Y. and Tepe, O. (2005) Internal Mass Transfer Effect on Biodegradation of Phenol by Ca-Alginate Immobilized Ralstonia eutropha . Journal of Hazardous Materials , 126, 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.06.013
Barria, C., Malecki, M. and Arraiano, C.M. (2013) Bacterial Adaptation to Cold. Microbiology , 159, 2437-2443. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.052209-0
Cui, D., Shen, D., Wu, C., Li, C., Leng, D. and Zhao, M. (2017) Biodegradation of Aniline by a Novel Bacterial Mixed Culture AC. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation , 125, 86-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.08.010
Li, S., Peng, L., Yang, C., Song, S. and Xu, Y. (2022) Cometabolic Biodegradation of Antibiotics by Ammonia Oxidizing Microorganisms during Wastewater Treatment Processes. Journal of Environmental Management , 305, Article ID: 114336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114336
Peng, H., Zhang, Q., Tan, B., Li, M., Zhang, W. and Feng, J. (2021) A Metagenomic View of How Different Carbon Sources Enhance the Aniline and Simultaneous Nitrogen Removal Capacities in the Aniline Degradation System. Bioresource Technology , 335, Article ID: 125277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125277
Jorgensen, N.O.G., Brandt, K.K., Nybroe, O. and Hansen, M. (2009) Delftia lacustris sp. Nov., a Peptidoglycan-Degrading Bacterium from Fresh Water, and Emended Description of Delftia tsuruhatensis as a Peptidoglycan-Degrading Bacterium. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology , 59, 2195-2199. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.008375-0
Wang, D., Zheng, G., Wang, S., Zhang, D. and Zhou, L. (2011) Biodegradation of Aniline by Candida tropicalis AN1 Isolated from Aerobic Granular Sludge. Journal of Environmen tal Sciences , 23, 2063-2068. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60501-3
Zhang, Y., Zhou, J., Xu, Q., Cheng, J., Luo, Y. and Yuan, Y. (2016) Exogenous Cofactors for the Improvement of Bioremoval and Biotransformation of Sulfamethoxazole by Alcaligenes faecalis . Science of the Total Environment , 565, 547-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.063
Xie, H., Li, J., Wang, Y., Zhao, W., Zhang, L. and Li, J. (2021) Influencing Factors for the Fenton-Like of Biological Sponge Iron System and Its Degradation Mechanism of Aniline. Process Biochemistry , 101, 230-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2020.11.012
Xie, X., Zhang, Y., Huang, W. and Huang, S. (2012) Degradation Kinetics and Mechanism of Aniline by Heat-Assisted Persulfate Oxidation. Journal of Environmental Sciences , 24, 821-826. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60844-9
Li, Y., Wang, F., Zhou, G. and Ni, Y. (2003) Aniline Degradation by Electrocatalytic Oxidation. Chemosphere , 53, 1229-1234. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00590-3
Benito, A., Penadés, A., Lliberia, J.L. and Gonzalez-Olmos, R. (2017) Degradation Pathways of Aniline in Aqueous Solutions during Electro-Oxidation with BDD Electrodes and UV/H 2 O 2 Treatment. Chemosphere , 166, 230-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.105
Liu, H. Yang, Z. Huang, P. Zhou, S., Z. (2002) Degradation of Aniline by Newly Isolated, Extremely Aniline-Tolerant Delftia sp. AN3. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology , 58, 679-682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-0933-8
Zhang, Y., Zhang, Q., Peng, H., Wei, H., Feng, J., Su, J., et al. (2022) An Attempt to Stimulate Aniline Degrading Bioreactor by Exogenous Auto-Inducer: Decontamination Performance, Sludge Characteristics, and Microbial Community Structure Response. Bioresource Technology , 347, Article ID: 126675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126675
Hwang, H., Hodson, R.E. and Lee, R.F. (1987) Degradation of Aniline and Chloroanilines by Sunlight and Microbes in Estuarine Water. Water Research , 21, 309-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(87)90210-7
Lee, S., Yun, S.H., Lee, H., Seo, G. and Kim, S.I. (2021) Multi-Omics Analysis of Aniline-Degrading Bacterium, Delftia sp. K82. Journal of Analytical Science and Technology , 12, Article No. 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-021-00258-6