Effects of Mixing HTS and FCC Wastwaters on the Quality of A/O Effluent
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technique, Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi (UDDM), Maradi, Niger
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technique, Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi (UDDM), Maradi, Niger
- 3 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, André Salifou University of Zinder (UAS/Z), Zinder, Niger
- 4 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, China
Abstract
The effects of mixing of two kinds of wastewaters Hollow Titanium Silicate (HTS) zeolite and Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC containing QACs) through various tests in the percentage ratios of 0.50%, 0.65%%, 0.70%, 0.80%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1% and 1.2% to reduce nitrogen species and COD by using A/O system are studied. The domestication has carried out under the following conditions: pool A’s DO maintained at 0.5 mg/L while pool O’s DO controlled within 2 - 4 mg/L at room temperature. The C/N ratio was regulated to 4.0:1.0 by glucose addition and the hydraulic residence time (HRT) was 70 h. Pool O’s pH was controlled at 7.5 - 8.5 by adding NaOH, the wastewater’s reflux ratio was controlled to R = 500%, and the sludge reflux ratio was r = 100%. During the experiment, the inlet and outlet water’s both COD, ammonia-N and TN as well as SV 30 , MLSS and SVI were tested and analyzed. The results showed that during process with amounts of mixed HTS wastewater to FCC wastewater of 0.80%, 0.90%, 1.0%, 1.1% to 1.2%, ammonia-N removal was effective. The COD concentration was also reduced to less than 60 mg/L. However, TN elimination did not attain discharge standard. Thereafter, by adjusting the C/N ratio at 5.5:1.0 under temperature at 25˚C, the ammonia-N concentration was 3 - 4 mg/L, the TN concentration was reduced to 37 mg/L and COD concentration was 58 mg/L. With the inlet water COD concentration of 1815 mg/L (including the COD concentration of glucose), and ammonia-N concentration of 330 mg/L, HTS wastewater mixed with FCC at ratio of 1.0%, C/N ratio of 5.5:1.0, temperature between 25˚C - 37˚C, the effluent’s ammonia-N concentration remained to 3 mg/L, TN concentration lower than 40 mg/L and COD concentration less than 60 mg/L showing thus the process achieved the nitrogen species removal standard. However, when the temperature of A/O system wastewater was increased to 40˚C or became lower than 25˚C, the sludge was lost and the whole system was destroyed.
- Amm, C.O. (1991) Nitrogen in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag.
- Liu, J. and Diamond, J. (2005) China’s Environment in a Globalizing World. Nature , 435, 1179-1186. https://doi.org/10.1038/4351179a
- Knobeloch, L., Salna, B., Hogan, A., Postle, J. and Anderson, H. (2000) Blue Babies and Nitrate-Contaminated Well Water. Environmental Health Perspectives , 108, 675-678. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.00108675
- Kanter, D.R. and Searchinger, T.D. (2018) A Technology-Forcing Approach to Reduce Nitrogen Pollution. Nature Sustainability , 1, 544-552. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0143-8
- Liu, X. and Du, E. (2019) An Overview of Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen in China from a Global Perspective. In: Liu, X. and Du, E., Eds., Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen in China , Springer, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8514-8_1
- Galloway, J.N. (1998) The Global Nitrogen Cycle: Changes and Consequences. Environmental Pollution , 102, 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(98)80010-9
- Yu, C., Huang, X., Chen, H., Godfray, H.C.J., Wright, J.S., Hall, J.W., et al. (2019) Managing Nitrogen to Restore Water Quality in China. Nature , 567, 516-520. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1001-1
- Stevens, C.J. (2019) Nitrogen in the Environment. Science , 363, 578-580. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav8215
- Li, W., Sheng, G., Zeng, R.J., Liu, X. and Yu, H. (2012) China’s Wastewater Discharge Standards in Urbanization: Evolution, Challenges and Implications. Environmental Science and Pollution Research , 19, 1422-1431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0572-7
- Omar, A., Almomani, F., Qiblawey, H. and Rasool, K. (2024) Advances in Nitrogen-Rich Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Technologies. Sustainability , 16, Article 2112. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16052112
- Mahony, A.K. and Arnold, W.A. (2024) Investigation of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) in Wastewater Effluent, Influent, Biosolids and Environmental Matrices in San Francisco Bay. Contribution No. 1196. San Francisco Estuary Institute.
- Arnold, W.A., Blum, A., Branyan, J., Bruton, T.A., Carignan, C.C., Cortopassi, G., et al. (2023) Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: A Chemical Class of Emerging Concern. Environmental Science & Technology , 57, 7645-7665. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c08244
- Xiang, L., Sun, T.F., Mo, C.H., Li, Y.W., Cai, Q.Y. and Li, H. (2016) Related Environmental Problems and Research Progresses of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs). Progress in Chemistry , 28, 727-736. (In Chinese)