System Dynamics Modeling of Dumpsite Leachate Control in Ogbomosoland, Nigeria
- 1
- 2
- 3
Abstract
Leachate pollution from landfills is a major source of environmental hazard in many Nigerian municipalities and there is the need to mitigate its effects. The aim of this study is to examine the leachate pollution and determine the effectiveness of liner system in leachate management of dumpsites in Ogbomosoland. The method of modeling us ing principles of system dynamics was employed to determine the interrelationships of leachate generation components for 50 years. Causal loops indicating the linkage of population, economic status, waste generation per capita and weather conditions to wastes and leachate generation were developed. A set of state model equations for Gas Produced (G p ), Precipitation (P t ), Degradation water-loss (W g ), Leachate Quantity (LQ n ), were formulated. Leachate management strategies of liner systems were studied, and the effectiveness of Compacted Clay (CC), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Geosynthetic Clay (GC), Silt (SI), Sandy loam (SL), and Sand (SA) liners were examined. A user-friendly computer program for estimating leachate generation per time and breakthrough time for liners was then developed. The results showed that a direct relationship exists between leachate and G p , P t , W g and LQ n . Average leachate breakthrough times for the liners, in years, were CC (41.5), HDPE (14.0), LDPE (10.0), GC (1.1), SI (0.1), SL (0.01), and SA (0.00002). In conclusion, dumpsite leachate pollution was established as having negative effects on the groundwater resource. Compacted Clay liner is therefore recommended for use in curtailing its menace.
- O. A. Agbede, “Model as a Management Tool in Water Resources,” Modeling, Simulation and Control, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1989, p. 3.
- B. Dyson and N. B. Chang, “Forecasting Municipal Solid Waste Generation in a Fast-Growing Urban Region with System Dynamics Modeling,” Waste Management, Vol. 25, No. 7, 2005, pp. 669-679. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2004.10.005
- N. B. Chang, Y. C. Pan and S. D. Huang, “Time series forecasting of solid waste generation,” Journal of Resources Management Technology, Vol. 21, No. 1, 1993, pp. 1-10.
- J. L. Deng, “Control Problems of Grey Systems,” System Control Journal, Vol. 1, No. 5, 1982, pp. 2-7.
- S. O. Ojoawo, O. A. Agbede and A. Y. Sangodoyin, “A System Dynamics Modeling Approach for Dumpsite Waste Generation,” Proceedings of the International Con- ference on Environmental Pollution and Remediation Ot- tawa, Ontario, 17-19 August 2011, pp. 253-251
- J. W. Forrester, “World Dynamics,” Wright-Allen Press, Cambridge, 1971.
- D. H. Meadows, D. L. Meadows and J. Randers, “Beyond Limits,” Chelsea Green Publisher, White River Junction, 1992, pp. 23-67.
- A. K. Saysel, Y. Barlas and O. Yengun, “Environmental Sustainability in an Agricultural Development Project: A System Dynamics Approach,” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 64, No. 3, 2002, pp. 247-260. doi:10.1006/jema.2001.0488
- S. Ulli-Beer, “Dynamic Interactions between Citizen Choice and Preferences and Public Initiatives—A System Dynamics Model of Recycling Dynamics in a Typical Swiss Locality,” Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, New York City, 20-24 July 2003, pp. 25-34.
- B. Dyson and N. B. Chang, “Forecasting Municipal Solid Waste Generation in a Fast-Growingurban Region with System Dynamics Modeling,” Waste Management, Vol. 25, No. 7, 2005, pp. 669-679. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2004.10.005
- A. N. Mashayekhi, “Rangeland Destruction under Population Growth, the Case of Iran,” System Dynamics Review, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1990, pp. 167-193. doi:10.1002/sdr.4260060204
- V. Sudhir, G. Srinivasan, V. R. Moraleeharan, “Planning for Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Urban India,” System Dynamics Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1997, pp. 223-246. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1727(199723)13:3 3.0.CO;2-Q
- J. T. Pfeffer, “Solid Waste Management Engineering,” Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1992, pp. 235-249.