Evaluation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Wastes Produced by Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> L.) Fed <i>Azolla</i>-Diets in Earthen Ponds — Oak Academic Publishing
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Evaluation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Wastes Produced by Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> L.) Fed <i>Azolla</i>-Diets in Earthen Ponds
Research Unit on Wetlands, Department of Zoology and Genetic, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
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Laboratory of Soil Sciences, Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
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Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
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Research Unit on Wetlands, Department of Zoology and Genetic, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
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Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, FUNDP-University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
1 Research Unit on Wetlands, Department of Zoology and Genetic, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
2 Laboratory of Soil Sciences, Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
3 Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
4 Research Unit on Wetlands, Department of Zoology and Genetic, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
5 Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, FUNDP-University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) wastes produced by Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. fed Azolla , an aquatic atmospheric nitrogen fixing fern, was evaluated for 90 days in pond experiment. Six isonitrogenous (29.2% crude protein) and isoenergetic (16.9 Kj·g –1 ) diets A 0 , A 10 , A 20 , A 30 , A 40 and A 50 , containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of Azolla meal (AM) respectively, as partial fishmeal (FM) substitutes, was provided to experimental fish. The Azolla -free diet A 0 served as a control. Fish specific growth rate (SGR) was higher with the control diet, the lower values being obtained in A 50 -fed fish (P < 0.05). Crude protein and P content in experimental fish showed similar values. Evaluation of the nutrient wasted show identical values (84.8% - 87.8% of supplied) for total P (TP); while total N (TN) discharged into ponds by fish increased significantly when AM level greater than 30% in diets (P < 0.05), amounting 63.9% - 74.2% of that supplied. From these findings, the fern Azolla could be used in diet to sustain Nile tilapia growth and as “environmentally-friendly” ingredient to limit P loss, while providing N to the field, beneficially in tropical marshland pond where this nutrient is already limiting.
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