Determination of Nutrient Concentrations in Simulated Rainfall-Runoff from Poultry House Dust Deposited Adjacent to Exhaust Fans — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Determination of Nutrient Concentrations in Simulated Rainfall-Runoff from Poultry House Dust Deposited Adjacent to Exhaust Fans
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
,
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
,
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
,
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
,
Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
,
Pilgrim’s Pride, Gainesville, GA, USA
,
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, South University Ave., Little Rock, AR, USA
1 Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
2 Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
3 Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
4 Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
5 Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
6 Pilgrim’s Pride, Gainesville, GA, USA
7 Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, South University Ave., Little Rock, AR, USA
Until recently, little attention has been given to the loss of nutrients that may occur in stormwater runoff from poultry houses. Dust emitted from poultry house fans and deposited near the fans has been shown to contain similar amounts of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) as in poultry litter, thus, there is need for information on the potential of runoff to transport deposited dust off-site. The objectives of this study are to quantify P and N in simulated rainfall-runoff from sites immediately adjacent to fans (sidewall and tunnel) from a commercial poultry house in northwest Arkansas. Runoff from fan plots range in total P (TP) and total N (TN) concentration from 1.0 to 26.0 mg·L -1 and from 5.1 to 189 mg·L -1 . The concentration of P and N in runoff from plots adjacent to sidewall fans is significantly lower (P -1 for TP and TN, respectively) than cooler months (November through March; 3 and 7 mg·L -1 for TP and TN, respectively). In contrast, TP and TN concentrations of runoff from tunnel fan plots are significantly greater (P -1 , respectively) than cool months (5 and 60 mg·L -1 , respectively). The results of this research indicate that conservation practices are needed around poultry production houses to minimize the potential for runoff of nutrients in emitted dust entering nearby surface waters.
KeywordsBroiler House DustBroiler LitterNutrient RunoffSurface Water Quality
United States Environmental Protection Agency (1996) Environmental Indicators of Water Quality in the United States. EPA 841-R-96-002. U.S. EPA, Office of Water (4503F), U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington DC. http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/2000CZIX.PDF?Dockey=2000CZIX.PDF
Dale, V.H., Kling, C.L., Meyer, J.L., Sanders, J., Stallworth, H., Armitage, T., Wangsness, D., Bianchi, T.S., Blumberg, A., Boynton, W., Conley, D.J., Crumpton, W., David, M.B., Gilbert, D., Howarth, R.W., Lowrance, R., Mankin, K.R., Opaluch, J., Paerl, H.W., Reckhow, K., Sharpley, A.N., Simpson, T.W., Snyder, C. and Wright, D. (2010) Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer Science, New York. http://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3D2F27094E03F90852573B800601D93/$File/EPA-SAB-08-003complete.unsigned.pdf
Schindler, D.W., Hecky, R.E., Findlay, D.L., Stainton, M.P., Parker, B.R., Paterson, M.J., Beaty, K.G., Lyng, M. and Kasian, S.E.M. (2008) Eutrophication of Lakes Cannot Be Controlled by Reducing Nitrogen Input: Results of a 37-Year Whole-Ecosystem Experiment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 11254-11258. http://www.pnas.org/content/105/32/11254.full.pdf http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805108105
Dubrovsky, N.M., Burow, K.R., Clark, G.M., Gronberg, J.M., Hamilton, P.A., Hitt, K.J., Mueller, D.K. and Munn, M.D. (2010) The Quality of Our Nation’s Waters—Nutrients in the Nation’s Streams and Groundwater, 1992-2004: United States Geological Survey Circular 1350. 174 p. http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/nutrients/pubs/circ1350
National Research Council (2008) Nutrient Control Actions for Improving Water Quality in the Mississippi River Basin and Northern Gulf of Mexico. Committee on the Mississippi River and the Clean Water Act: Scientific, Modeling and Technical Aspects of Nutrient Pollutant Load Allocation and Implementation. National Research Council, Washington, District of Columbia. 75 p. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12544.html
United States Environmental Protection Agency (2010) Guidance for Federal Land Management in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Chapter 2: Agriculture. EPA 841-R-10-002. U.S. EPA, Nonpoint Source Pollution, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds. Washington DC. 247 p. http://www.epa.gov/nps/chesbay502/pdf/chesbay_chap02.pdf
United States Environmental Protection Agency (2011) Findings of Violation and Order of Compliance, in the Matter of Mrs. Lois Alt, Old Fields, West Virginia. Administrative Order CWA-03-2012-0023DN. U.S. EPA Region 3, Philadelphia. 12p. http://archive.epa.gov/reg3wapd/archive/web/pdf/wv_loisaltcwa-03-2012-0023dn_508.pdf
United States District Court Northeastern Oklahoma (2009) Case 09-5134 Document 01018317597. http://www.narf.org/nill/bulletins/dct/documents/cherokee_brief_cta.pdf
State of Oklahoma vs. Tyson Foods Inc. (2009) The Court Should Exclude Nutrient Management Plans from Watersheds Other than the Illinois River Watershed. https://ecf.oknd.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/DisplayPDF.pl?dm_id=898371&dm_seq=0
United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service (2015) Broiler Production by State, 2014. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Charts_and_Maps/Poultry/brlmap.php
Burns, R., Li, H., Moody, L., Xin, H., Gates, R., Overhults, D. and Earnest, J. (2008) Quantification of Particulate Emissions from Broiler Houses in the Southeastern United States. Proceedings of the 2008 Livestock Environment VIII Conference, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Publication 701P0408. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=abe_eng_conf
Herron, S., Sharpley, A.N., Watkins, S. and Daniels, M. (2012) Poultry Litter Management in the Illinois River Watershed of Arkansas and Oklahoma. Cooperative Extension Service, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas. Fact Sheet FSA 9535, 4 p. http://www.uaex.edu/publications/pdf/FSA-9535.pdf
Sharpley, A.N., Richards, P., Herron, S. and Baker, D. (2012) Comparison between Litigated and Voluntary Nutrient Management Strategies. Journal of Soil & Water Conservation, 67, 442-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.67.5.442
Brye, K.R., Mersiovsky, E., Hernandez, L. and Ward, L. (2013) Soils of Arkansas. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville.
Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture (2015) Official Soil Series Descriptions. https://soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/N/NIXA.html
Sharpley, A.N. and Kleinman, P.J.A. (2003) Effect of Rainfall Simulator and Plot Scale on Overland Flow and Phosphorus Transport. Journal of Environmental Quality, 32, 2172-2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2172
Southern Extension-Research Activity-17 (2015) National Phosphorus Research Project for Simulated Rainfall—Surface Runoff Studies. Southern Extension-Research Activity-Information Exchange Group 17, Virginia Tech. University, Blacksburg, VA. https://sera17dotorg.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/national-p-protocol.pdf
Spaeth, K., Weltz, M., Pierson, F., Blackburn, W.H., Fox, D., Merz, D., Shaver, P., Brackley, G., DeGarmo, H., Whited, M., Flanagan, M., Hood, K. and Franks, C. (1995) Small Plot Rainfall Simulation: Background and Procedures. Technical Note Rangeland Hydrology. US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington DC. http://efotg.sc.egov.usda.gov/references/public/NE/Range_and_Pasture_Technical_Note_6(Small_Plot_Rainfall_Simulation).pdf
Humphry, J.B., Daniel, T.C., Edwards, D.R. and Sharpley, A.N. (2002) A Portable Rainfall Simulator for Plot-Scale Runoff Studies. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 18, 199-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.7789
Miller, W.P. (1987) A Solenoid-Operated, Variable Intensity Rainfall Simulator. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 51, 832-834. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100030048x
Daniel, T.C., Stead, J., DeLaune, P., Sharpley, A.N. and Verkler, T. (2008) Edge-of-Field Water Quality Monitoring from Various Management Practices in the Ozark Highlands. Arkansas Natural Resources Commission, 319 Project 05-1300. Final Report, 189 p. http://arkansaswater.org/319%20BMP/2007_319/05-1300%20Edge%20of%20Field%20WQ%20Monitoring%20in%20Ozark%20Highlands.pdf
Murphy, J. and Riley, J.R. (1962) A Modified Single Solution Method for the Determination of Phosphate in Natural Waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27, 31-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88444-5
Patton, C.J. and Kryskalla, J.R. (2003) Methods of Analysis by the US Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory: Evaluation of Alkaline Persulfate Digestion as an Alternative to Kjeldahl Digestion for the Determination of Total and Dissolved Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Water. US Geological Survey, Water Resources Investigations Report 03-4174. US Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services, Federal Center, Denver, 33 p. http://nwql.usgs.gov/pubs/WRIR/WRIR-03-4174.pdf
DeLaune, P.B., Moore Jr., P.A., Carmen, D., Sharpley, A.N., Haggard, B.E. and Daniel, T.C. (2004) Factors Affecting Phosphorus Loss from Poultry Litter: Development of Phosphorus Source Component. Journal of Environmental Quality, 33, 2183-2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.2183
Edwards, D.R. and Daniel, T.C. (1993) Effects of Poultry Litter Application Rate and Rainfall Intensity on Quality of Runoff from Fescue Grass Plots. Journal of Environmental Quality, 22, 361-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200020017x
Harmel, R.D., Torbert, H.A., Haggard, B.E., Haney, R. and Dozier, M. (2004) Water Quality Impacts of Converting to a Poultry Litter Fertilization Strategy. Journal of Environmental Quality, 33, 2229-2242. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.2229
Kleinman, P.J.A., Sharpley, A.N., Bryant, R., Czymmek, K. and Ketterings, Q. (2001) National Phosphorus Runoff Project: New York. USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 7 p. https://sera17dotorg.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/new-york-nprp-kleinman-2001.pdf
Sistani, K.R., Bolster, C.H., Way, T.R., Torbert, H.A., Pote, D.H. and Watts, D.B. (2010) Influence of Poultry Litter Application Methods on the Longevity of Nutrient and E. coli in Runoff from Fescue Pasture. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 206, 3-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0078-9
Smith, D.R., Moore Jr., P.A., Miller, D.M., Haggard, B.E. and Daniel, T.C. (2004) Decreasing Phosphorus Runoff Losses from Land-Applied Poultry Litter with Dietary Modifications and Alum Addition. Journal of Environmental Quality, 33, 2210-2216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.2210