Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed

Trace-Level Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium in Lake Sediment Samples Using Ion Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

¹ Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Ontario, Canada
² Conservation Ontario, Ontario, Canada
³ Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Ontario, Canada
⁴ Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Ontario, Canada
⁵ Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Ontario, Canada
⁶ Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Ontario, Canada
⁷ Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Ontario, Canada
⁸ Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
⁹ Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Ontario, Canada
¹⁰ Ontario Geological Survey, Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, Ontario, Canada
¹¹ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, USA
¹² Applied Isotope Technologies, Pittsburgh, USA
¹³ Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Ontario, Canada

Journal of Environmental Protection·Volume 07 (2016)·Pages 422–434·Published 26 February 2016·DOI10.4236/jep.2016.73037

Abstract

The analysis of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in soil and sediment samples has been predominantly carried out in materials containing elevated levels. Reliable analysis of trace-level of Cr(VI) in sediment samples remains challenging. Cr(VI) analyses with multipoint calibration and speciated isotope dilution (SID) adapted from U.S. EPA method 6800 were used to measure lower-level Cr(VI) on an ion chromatograph coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (IC-MS/MS). Lake sediment samples were collected from various locations in Northern Ontario and Cr(VI) was extracted using both alkaline digestion and ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) extraction. Certified reference materials were extracted and analyzed by IC-MS/MS and UV-VIS detection. The SID-MS approach allowed for the quantification of Cr(VI) in samples with concentration levels below 0.5 μg.g - 1 wet weight.

KeywordsTrace-Level AnalysisIon ChromatographyTandem Mass SpectrometryChromium SpeciationSpeciated Isotope Dilution

(2001) The Incidence and Severity of Sediment Contamination in Surface Waters of the United States; EPA-823-R-01- 01. National Sediment Quality Survey, 2nd Edition, Washington DC. https://clu-in.org/download/contaminantfocus/pcb/incidence-and-severity-2004nsqs2ed-complete.pdf
Rifkin, E., Gwinn, P. and Bouwer, E. (2004) Chromium and Sediment Toxicity. Environmental Science & Technology, 38, 267A-271A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es040575m
Kota?, J. and Stasicka, Z. (2000) Chromium Occurrence in the Environment and Methods of Its Speciation. Environmental Pollution, 107, 263-283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00168-2
(1994) Chromium and Its Compounds. Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Government of Canada, Ottawa.
Rai, D., Sass, B.M. and Moore, D.A. (1987) Chromium(III) Hydrolysis Constants and Solubility of Chromium(III) Hydroxide. Inorganic Chemistry, 26, 345-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00250a002
De Flora, S., Bagnasco, M., Serra, D. and Zanacchi, P. (1990) Genotoxicity of Chromium Compounds—A Review. Mutation Research, 238, 99-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(90)90007-X
Codd, R., Dillon, C.T., Levina, A. and Lay, P.A. (2001) Studies on the Genotoxicity of Chromium: From the Test Tube to the Cell. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 216, 537-582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0010-8545(00)00408-2
Zhitkovich, A. (2005) Importance of Chromium-DNA Adducts in Mutagenicity and Toxicity of Chromium(VI). Chemical Research in Toxicology, 18, 3-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx049774+
Cohen, M.D., Kargacin, B., Klein, C.B. and Costa, M. (1993) Mechanisms of Chromium Carcinogenicity and Toxicity. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 23, 255-281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408449309105012
Katz, S.A. and Salem, H. (1993) The Toxicology of Chromium with Respect to Its Chemical Speciation—A Review. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 13, 217-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.2550130314
Leonard, A. and Lauwerys, R.R. (1980) Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of Chromium. Mutation Research, 76, 227- 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(80)90018-4
Lang?rd, S. (1990) 100 Years of Chromium and Cancer—A Review of Epidemiological Evidence and Selected Case Reports. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 17, 189-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700170205
Lang?rd, S. (1993) Role of Chemical Species and Exposure Characteristics in Cancer among Persons Occupationally Exposed to Chromium Products. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 19, 81-89.

Menu

Menu

Menu

Trace-Level Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium in Lake Sediment Samples Using Ion Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

References (39)