Washing and Extraction of Metals from Contaminated Soil Constituents: Implications for Contaminated Simulated Soil and Metallurgical Wastes with Different Reagents — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Washing and Extraction of Metals from Contaminated Soil Constituents: Implications for Contaminated Simulated Soil and Metallurgical Wastes with Different Reagents
Chemistry and Environmental Science Division, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
,
Chemistry and Environmental Science Division, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
,
School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
,
Chemistry and Environmental Science Division, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
,
Chemistry and Environmental Science Division, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
1 Chemistry and Environmental Science Division, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
2 Chemistry and Environmental Science Division, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
3 School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
4 Chemistry and Environmental Science Division, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
5 Chemistry and Environmental Science Division, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
Leaching behaviour of heavy metals (HMs) from simulated soil (SS), prepared according to standard guidelines, as well as its constituents (quartz sand (QS), bentonite clay (BC), and peat moss (PM)) were investigated. The study focused on a batch process with the aim of comparing the leaching potentials and metals solubilisation of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylene diamine disuccinic acid (EDDS), acetylacetone (Hacac), citric acid (CA), and tartaric acid (TA) for sustainable metal extraction purposes after a maximum leaching time of 60 min. The HMs concentrations with which the constituents were spiked with was such that reflected a contaminated site. The recovery potentials of both the SS and its constituents were found to vary for single metal (SM) and multi-metal (MM) systems. EDTA was the most efficient (on average 31% and 33% for SM and MM) and TA the least efficient (on average of 2% and 3% for SM and MM) extractant. For Hacac, preferential recovery for Cu and Ni were significant when compared to the other metals, while, metal recovery by EDDS in SS was lower than could be expected. The leaching trend for the targeted metals was studied using conventional leaching models.
FAO and ITPS (2015) Status of the World’s Soil Resources (SWSR)—Main Report. Rome, Italy, Ood and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations and Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils.
Lafuente, A.L., Gonzalez, C., Quitana, J.R., Vazquez, A. and Romero, A. (2008) Mobility of Heavy Metals in Poorly Developed Carbonate Soils in the Mediterranean Region. Geoderma, 145, 238-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.03.012
Oyourou, J.N., Mcrindle, R.I., Combrink, S. and Fourie, C. (2017) Investigation of Zinc and Lead Contamination of Soil of the Abandoned Edendale Mine, Mamelodi (Pretoria, South Africa) Using a Field Portable Spectrometer. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 119, 55-61.
Fatoba, P.O., Ogunkunle, C.O., Folarin, O.O. and Oladele, F.A. (2016) Heavy Metal Pollution Ecological Geo-chemistry of Soil Impacted by Activities of the Oil Industry in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Environmental Earth Science, 75, 297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-5145-5
Wei, B. and Yang, L. (2010) A Review of Heavy Metal Contaminations in Urban Soils Road Dusts and Agricultural Soils from China. Microchemical Journal, 94, 99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2009.09.014
Cheng, H. and Hu, Y. (2010) China Needs to Control Mercury Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Incineration. Environmental Science and Technology, 44, 7994-7995. https://doi.org/10.1021/es1030917
Marwa, E.M.M., Meharg, A.A. and Rice, C.M. (2002) Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Agricultural Soils and Maize Tissues from Selected Districts in Tanzania. Science of the Total Environment, 416, 180-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.089
Kober, B., Wessels, M., Bolhofer, A. and Mangini, A. (1999) Pb Isotopes in Sediments of Lake Constants, Central, Central Europe Constrain the Heavy Metal Pathways and the Pollution History of the Catchment, the Lake and Regional Atmosphere. Geochimica et Cosmochmica Acta, 63, 1293-1303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00064-2
Nunes, J., Ramos-Miras, J., Lopez-Pineiro, A., Loures, L., Gil, C., Coelho, J. and Loures, A. (2014) Concentrations of Available Heavy Metals in Mediterranean Agricultural Soils and Their Relation with Some Soil Selected Properties: A Case Study in Typical Mediterranean Soils. Sustainability, 6, 9124. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6129124
Hakanson, L. (1980) An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control: A Sedimentological Approach. Water Research, 14, 975-1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
Doelsch, E., Deroche, B. and Van de Kerchove, V. (2006) Influence of Sewage Sludge Spreading on Heavy Metal Speciation in Tropical Soils (Reunion, Indian Ocean). Chemosphere, 65, 286-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.02.046
Herselman, J.E., Steyn, C.E. and Fey, M.V. (2005) Baseline Concentration of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in Surface Soils of South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 101, 509-512.
Barona, A., Aranguiz, I. and Elias, A. (2001) Metal Associations in Soils before and after EDTA Extractive De-contamination: Implications for the Effectiveness and Further Clean-Up Procedures. Environmental Pollution, 113, 79-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00158-5
Labanowski, J., Monna, F., Bermond, A., Cambier, P., Fernandez, C., Lamy, I. and Oort, F. (2008) Kinetic Extraction to Assess the Mobilization of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd in a Metal Contaminated Soil, EDTA vs Citrate. Environmental Pollution, 152, 693-701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.054
Zhang, W., Huang, H., Tan, F., Wang, H. and Qiu, R. (2010) Influence of EDTA Washing on the Species and Mobility of Heavy Metals Residual in Soils. Journal Hazardous Material, 173, 369-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.087
Fabbricino, M., Ferraro, A., Del Giudice, G. and d’Antonio, L. (2013) Current Views on EDDS Use for Ex-Situ Washing of Potentially Toxic Metal Contaminated Soils. Review of Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 12, 391-398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-013-9309-z
Elliott, H.A. and Shastri, N.L. (1999) Extractive Decontamination of Metal-Polluted Soils Using Oxalate. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 110, 335-346. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005067404259
Kesler, S.E. (2010) Geological Stocks and Prospects for Non-Renewable Resources, in Linkages of Sustainability. The MIT Press, Cambridge, 109-129.
Bassi, R., Prasher, S.O. and Simpson, B.K. (2000) Extraction of Metals from Contaminated Sandy Soil Using Citric Acid. Environmental Progress, 19, 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.670190415
Reddy, K.R. and Chinthamreddy, S. (2000) Comparison of Different Extractants for Removing Heavy Metals from Contaminated Clayey Soils. Soil and Sediment Contamination, 9, 449-462. https://doi.org/10.1080/10588330091134347
Bradl, H.B. (2004) Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions on Soils and Soils Constituents. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 277, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.04.005
Hong, J. and Pintauro, P.N. (1996) Selective Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Kaolin by Chelators. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 87, 73-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00696830
de Matos, A.T., Fontes, M.P.F., da Costa, L.M. and Martinez, M.A. (2001) Mobility of Heavy Metals as Related to Soil Chemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Brazilian Soils. Environmental Pollution, 111, 429-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00088-9
Sidle, R.C. and Kardos, L.T. (1997) Adsorption of Cu, Zn and Cd by a Forest Soil. Journal of Environmental Quality, 6, 313-317. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1977.00472425000600030017x
Kaschl, A., Romheld, V. and Chen, Y. (2002) The Influence of Soluble Organic Matter from Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Trace Metal Leaching in Calcareous Soils. Science of the Total Environment, 291, 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01091-9
ISO (1999) Soil Quality-Inhibition of Reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia Candida) by Soil. International Standardization Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, ISO 11267.
Pontoni, L., van Hullebusch, E.D., Fabbricino, M., Esposito, G. and Pirozzi, F. (2006) Assessment of Trace Heavy Metals Dynamics during the Interaction of Aqueous Solutions with the Artificial OECD Soil: Evaluation of the Effect of Soil Organic Matter Content and Colloidal Mobilization. Chemosphere, 163, 382-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.005
Osko, I. and Oleszczuk, P. (2013) Influence of Soil Type and Environmental Conditions on ZnO, TiO2 and Ni Nanoparticles Phytotoxicity. Chemosphere, 92, 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.02.048
OECD (1984) Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests. OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, Test No. 207.
ISO (2012) Soil Quality: Effects of Pollutants on Earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Part 2. Determination of Effects on Reproduction.
Goldin, A. (1987) Reassessing the Use of Losson-Ignition for Estimating Organic Matter in Non-Calcareous Soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 18, 1111-1116. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628709367886
Gawlik, B.M., Lamberty, A., Pauwels, J. and Muntau, H. (2001) Certification of Soil-pH (Suspension of Water and CaCl2) and Adsorption Coefficient for Atrazine, 2,4-D and Lindane in Six Different Reference Soils (EUROSOIL) IRMM-442.
Cokca, E. and Birand, A.A. (1993) Determination of Cation Exchange Capacity of Clayey Soils by the Methylene Blue Test. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 16, 518-524. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10291J
Santamarina, J.C., Klein, K.A., Wang, Y.H. and Prencke, E. (2002) Specific Surface Determination and Relevance. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39, 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1139/t01-077
Sparks, D.L., Zelanzy, L.W. and Martens, D.C. (1980) Kinetics of Potassium Desorption in Soil Using Miscible Displacement. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44, 1205-1208. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400060014x
Jardine, P.M. and Sparks, D.I. (1984) Potassium-Calcium Exchange in a Multireactive Soil System: Kinetics. Soil Science of America Journal, 48, 39-45. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1984.03615995004800010008x
Havlin, J.L. and Westfall, D.G. (1985) Potassium Release Kinetics and Plant Response in Calcareous Soils. Soil Science Society America Journal, 49, 366-370. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900020019x
Chien, S.H. and Clayton, W.R. (1980) Application of Elovich Equation to the Kinetics of Phosphate Release and Sorption in Soil. Soil Science Society America Journal, 44, 265-268. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400020013x
Rowell, D.L. (1994) Soil Science: Methods and Applications. Longman, Harlow.
Kim, C., Lee, Y. and Ong, S.-K. (2003) Factors Affecting EDTA Extraction of Lead from Lead-Contaminated Soils. Chemospere, 51, 845-853. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00155-3
Sun, B., Zhao, F.J., Lombi, E. and McGrath, S.P. (2001) Leaching of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils Using EDTA. Environmental Pollution, 113, 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00176-7
Peterson, L.W., Moldrup, P., Jacobsen, O.H. and Rolston, D.E. (1996) Relations between Specific Surface Area and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties. Soil Science, 161, 9-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199601000-00003
Sokolov, I.A. (1996) Paradigm of Pedology from Dokuchaev to the Present Day. Eurasian Soil Sciences, 29, 222-231.
Buol, S.W, Southard, R.J, Graham, R.J. and McDaniel, P.A. (2011) Soil Genesis and Classification. 6th Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 527 p.
Sun, B., Zhao, F.J., Lombi, E. and McGrath, S.P. (2001) Leaching of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils Using EDTA. Environmental Pollution, 113, 111-120.
Moon, D.H., Lee, J.R., Wazne, M. and Park, J.H. (2012) Assessment of Soil Washing for Zn Contaminated Soils Using Various Washing Solutions. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 18, 822-825.
Kovo, G.A., Folasegun, A.D. and Kayode, O.A. (2015) Mechanism on the Sorption of Heavy Metals from Binary Solution by a Low Cost Montmorillonite and Its Desorption Potential. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 54, 757-767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.03.025
Zhang, W. and Irene, L.M.C. (2006) EDTA-Enhanced Washing for Remediation of Pb- and/or Zn-Contaminated Soils. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 132, 1282-1288.
Buol, S.W., Hole, F.D., McCracken, R.J. and Southard, R.J. (1997) Soil Genesis Classification. 4th Edition, Iowa State University Press, Ames.
Moon, D.H., Park, J.W., Koutsospyros, A., Cheng, K.H., Chang, Y., Baek, J.R. and Park, J. (2016) Assessment of Soil Washing for Simultaneous Removal of Heavy Metals and Low Level Petroleum Hydrocarbons Using Various Washing Solutions. Environment Earth Science, 75, 884. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5690-6
Motaghian, H.R. and Hosseinpur, A.R. (2014) Impact of Sewage Sludge Application on Zinc Desorption Kinetics in Some Calcareous Soils. Environmental Earth Science, 71, 4647-4655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2855-4