An Experimental Study on the Use of Fonio Straw and Shea Butter Residue for Improving the Thermophysical and Mechanical Properties of Compressed Earth Blocks — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
An Experimental Study on the Use of Fonio Straw and Shea Butter Residue for Improving the Thermophysical and Mechanical Properties of Compressed Earth Blocks
Laboratory of Thermal and Renewable Energy (LETRE), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
,
Laboratory of Building Materials (LMC), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
,
Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Environment (LPCE), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
,
Sustainable Building Design Lab (SDB Lab), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
,
Laboratory of Building Materials (LMC), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
1 Laboratory of Thermal and Renewable Energy (LETRE), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
2 Laboratory of Building Materials (LMC), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
3 Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Environment (LPCE), University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
4 Sustainable Building Design Lab (SDB Lab), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
5 Laboratory of Building Materials (LMC), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
The efficient use of building materials is one of the responses to increasing urbanization and building energy consumption. Soil as a building material has been used for several thousand years due to its availability and its usual properties improving and stabilization techniques used. Thus, fonio straws and shea butter residues are incorporated into tow soil matrix. The objective of this study is to develop a construction eco-material by recycling agricultural and biopolymer by-products in compressed earth blocks (CEB) stabilization and analyze these by-products’ influence on CEB usual properties. To do this, compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEB) composed of clay and varying proportion (3% to 10%) of fonio straw and shea butter residue incorporated were subjected to thermophysical, flexural, compressive, and durability tests. The results obtained show that the addition of fonio straw and shea butter residues as stabilizers improves compressed stabilized earth blocks thermophysical and mechanical performance and durability. Two different clay materials were studied. Indeed, for these CEB incorporating 3% fonio straw and 3% - 10% shea butter residue, the average compressive strength and three-point bending strength values after 28 days old are respectively 3.478 MPa and 1.062 MPa. In terms of CSEB thermal properties, the average thermal conductivity is 0.549 W/m·K with 3% fonio straw and from 0.667 to 0.798 W/m. K is with 3% - 10% shea butter residue and the average thermal diffusivity is 1.665.10 -7 m 2 /s with 3% FF and 2.24.10 -7 m 2 /s with 3.055.10 -7 m 2 /s with 3% - 10% shea butter residue, while the average specific heat mass is between 1.508 and 1.584 kJ/kg·K. In addition, the shea butter residue incorporated at 3% - 10% improves CSEB water repellency, with capillary coefficient values between 31 and 68 [g/m 2 ·s] 1/2 and a contact angle between 43.63°C and 86.4°C. Analysis of the results shows that, it is possible to use these CSEB for single-storey housing construction.
KeywordsFonio StrawShea Butter ResidueStabilizationCompressed Stabilized Earth BlocksThermophysical and Mechanical Properties
Ouedraogo, M., et al. (2019) Physical, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Adobes Stabilized with Fonio (Digitaria exilis) Straw. Journal of Building Engineering, 23, 250-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.02.005
Riza, F.V., Rahman, I.A., Mujahid, A. and Zaidi, A. (2010) A Brief Review of Compressed Stabilized Earth Brick (CSEB). CSSR 2010 International Conference on Science and Social Research, Kuala Lumpur, 5-7 December 2010, 999-1004.
Pacheco-Torgal, F. and Jalali, S. (2012) Earth Construction: Lessons from the Past for Future Eco-Efficient Construction. Construction and Building Materials, 29, 512-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.054
Laborel-Préneron, A., Aubert, J.E., Magniont, C., Tribout, C. and Bertron, A. (2016) Plant Aggregates and Straw in Earth Construction Materials: A Review. Construction and Building Materials, 111, 719-734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.119
Compaore, A., Ouedraogo, B., Guengane, H., Malbila, E. and Bathiebo, D.J. (2017) Role of Local Building Materials on the Energy Behaviour of Habitats in Ouagadougou. International Journal of Applied Science, 8, 63-72. https://doi.org/10.21013/jas.v8.n2.p3
Toguyeni, D., Coulibaly, O., Ouedraogo, A., Rousse, D.R. and van, Y. (2012) étude de l’influence de matériaux locaux isolants de toiture sur les charges de climatisation d’une maison individuelle en argile-paille. Cifem, 1, 13-93.
Millogo, Y., Morel, J., Aubert, J.-E. and Ghavami, K. (2014) Experimental Analysis of Pressed Adobe Blocks Reinforced with Hibiscus cannabinus Straw. Construction and Building Materials, 52, 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.094
Malbila, E., Toguyeni, D.Y.K., Bamogo, S., Lawane, A. and Koulidiati, J. (2018) Thermophysical and Mechanical Characterization of Local Stabilized Materials Suitable for Buildings in Dry and Hot Climate. Journal of Materials Science and Surface Engineering, 6, 767-772.
Ouedraogo, E., Coulibaly, O., Ouedraogo, A. and Messan, A. (2015) Caractérisation mécanique et thermophysique des blocs de terre comprimée stabilisée au papier (cellulose) et/ou au ciment. Journal of Materials and Engineering Structures, 2, 68-76.
Imbga, K.B., Ouédraogo, E., Sambou, V., Kieno, F.P., Ouédraogo, A. and Bathiebo, D.J. (2018) New Materials for Thermal Insulation in Rural Construction. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 29, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/CJAST/2018/43786
Bentchikou, M., Hanini, S., Silhadi, K. and Guidoum, A. (2007) Elaboration and Study of the Mortar Composed of Mineral Matrix and Cellulose Fibre: Thermal Conductivity in Buildings. The Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 34, 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1139/l06-149
Pagliolico, S.L., Ronchetti, S., Turcato, E.A., Bottino, G., Gallo, L.M. and De Paoli, R. (2010) Physicochemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Earth for Building in North West Italy. Applied Clay Science, 50, 439-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.08.027
Lifset, R. and Eckelman, M. (2013) Material Efficiency in a Multi-Material World. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 371, 13. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0002
Vissac, A., Bourgès, A., Gandreau, D., Anger, R. and Fontaine, L. (2017) Argiles & biopolymères, les stabilisants naturels pour la construction en terre, CRAterre. Labex AE&CC et l’IDEFI.
Vissac, A., et al. (2013) Recettes traditionnelles de stabilisation de la terre crue avec des composés organiques. Conférence international, Ecomatériaux de construction: Pilier de la croissance verte en Afrique, Ouagadougou, 10 au-12 juin 2013, 11.
Taallah, B. and Guettala, A. (2016) The Mechanical and Physical Properties of Compressed Earth Block Stabilized with Lime and Filled with Untreated and Alkali-Treated Date Palm Straw. Construction and Building Materials, 104, 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.007
Sore, S. O., Messan, A., Prud’homme, E., Escadeillasc, G. and François, T. (2018) Stabilization of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs) by Geopolymer Binder Based on Local Materials from Burkina Faso. Construction and Building Materials, 165, 333-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.051
Ezbakhe, H., et al. (2001) Comportement thermique de la terre stabilisée au ciment. Revue Française de Génie Civil, 5, 505-515. https://doi.org/10.1080/12795119.2001.9692320
Muntohar, A.S. (2003) Swelling and Compressibility Characteristics of Soil-Bentonite Mixtures. Dimensi Teknik Sipil, 5, 93-98.
Paulus, J. (2015) Construction en terre crue: Dispositions qualitatives, constructives et architecturales—Application à un cas pratique: Ouagadougou. Liège.
Gélard, D. (2005) Identification et caractérisation de la cohésion interne du matériau terre dans ses conditions naturelles de conservation. Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble.
Christine, D.A., Séraphin, D.A., Olivier, B.M. and Edjikémé, E. (2018) Effet de l’addition de fibres de coco traitées à la potasse sur les propriétés mécaniques des matériaux de construction à base d’argile-ciment. European Scientific Journal, 14, 104-116. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n36p104
Patil, A.D. and Attar, A.C. (2015) Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks by Using Lime. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 4, 116-120. https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV4IS090204
Izemmourena, O. and Guettala, A. (2014) Amélioration de la durbailité des briques de terre comprimée à base d’un sol de la région de Biskra. MATEC Web of Conference, 11, Article ID: 02001. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20141102001
Huben, H. and Guillaud, H. (1990) Traité de construction en terre.
Pachero-Torgal, F. and Jalali, S. (2011) Cementitious Building Materials Reinforced with Vegetable Fibres: A Review. Construction and Building Materials, 25, 575-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.07.024
Morel, J., Pkla, A. and Walker, P. (2007) Compressive Strength Testing of Compressed Earth Blocks. Construction and Building Materials, 21, 303-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.021
Morel, J., Abalo, P. and Di Benedetto, H. (2011) Essai in Situ sur blocs de terre comprimée Interprétation en compression ou traction de l’essai. Revue Française de Génie Civil, 10, 37-41.
Olivier, M., Mesbah, A., El Gharbi, Z. and Morel, J.C. (1997) Mode opératoire pour la réalisation d’essais de résistance sur blocs de terre comprimée. Materials and Structures, 30, 515-517. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02486394
Meukam, P., Noumowe, A., Jannot, Y. and Duval, R. (2003) Caractérisation thermophysique et mécanique de briques de terre stabilisées en vue de l’isolation thermique de batiment. Materials and Structures, 36, 453-460. https://doi.org/10.1617/13802
Sharma, V., Marwaha, B.M. and Vinayak, H.K. (2016) Enhancing Durability of Adobe by Natural Reinforcement for Propagating Sustainable Mud Housing. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 5, 141-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2016.03.004
Izemmouren, O., Guettala, A. and Guettala, S. (2015) Mechanical Properties and Durability of Lime and Natural Pozzolana Stabilized Steam-Cured Compressed Earth Block Bricks. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 33, 1321-1333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-015-9904-6
Miraucourt, D. (2016) Stabilisation du matériau terre crue pour application en brique de terre comprimée au Burkina Faso. 103.
CRATerre-EAG (1998) Blocs de terre comprimee normes.
Pacheco-Torgal, F. (2015) Introduction to Eco-Efficient Masonry Bricks and Blocks. In: Pacheco-Torgal, F., Laourenço, P.B., Labrincha, J.A., Kumar, S. and Chindaprasirt, P., Eds., Eco-Efficient Masonry Bricks and Blocks: Design, Properties and Durability, No. 55, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78242-305-8.00001-2
Sanou, I., Seynou, M., Zerbo, L. and Ouedraogo, R. (2019) Mineralogy, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Adobes Stabilized with Cement and Rice Husk Ash. Science Journal of Chemistry, 7, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20190701.11
Laurent, J. (2010) Propriétés thermiques du matériau terre. 8ème festivale des architectures de terre “Grains d’Isère 2010”, Villefontaine, 18 mai 2010, 41.
Saidi, M., Soukaina, A., Zeghmati, B. and Sediki, E. (2018) Stabilization Effects on the Thermal Conductivity and Sorption Behavior of Earth Bricks. Construction and Building Materials, 167, 566-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.063
Ouedraogo, M., Dao, K., Millogo, Y., Seynou, M., Aubert, J. and Ouedraogo, M. (2017) Influence des fibres de kenaf (Hibiscus altissima) sur les propriétés physiques et mécaniques des adobes. Journal de la Société Ouest-Africaine de Chimie, 43, 48-63.