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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Traditional and Nano Materials Used in Consolidation of Sandstone Used in Ramesses III Temple, Karnak, Egypt
Department of Archaeological Conservation, Faculty of Archaeology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
Department of Conservation, Faculty of Archaeology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
Housing and Building Research Center, Giza, Egypt
- 1 Department of Archaeological Conservation, Faculty of Archaeology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- 2 Department of Conservation, Faculty of Archaeology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- 3 Housing and Building Research Center, Giza, Egypt
Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering·Volume 13 (2024)·Pages 18–30·Published 27 December 2024·DOI10.4236/jmmce.2025.131002
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Abstract
This experimental study assesses the effectiveness of traditional and nano-materials in enhancing the physical and mechanical properties of deteriorated sandstone from Ramesses III Temple, Karnak, Luxor, Egypt. Treatments included Nano Estel (5%), Paraloid B-72 (3%), Paraloid B-72/Nano Estel (3%/5%), and ethyl silicates. Treated samples underwent Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and physical/mechanical testing. Results show that Paraloid B-72/Nano Estel (3%/5%) yielded optimal consolidation, significantly improving sandstone’s physical and mechanical properties.
KeywordsRamesses III TempleDeteriorated SandstoneConsolidation TreatmentsNano MaterialPhysical and Mechanical Properties
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