In-vitro Studies of Biologically Important Barium Strontium Chromium Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate (BaSrCrMgHPO₄) Mixed Crystal Growth in SMS Gel Medium at Ambient Temperature and Its Characterization Studies

Abstract

Kidney stone consists of various compounds. Mineral oxalate monohydrate and di-hydrate are the main constituent of kidney stones. However, the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones is still not clearly understood. In this field of studies, several new hypotheses are created, which includes nucleation, reduction of nucleation, crystal growth and or aggregation of formation of different crystals such as oxalate monohydrate and oxalate di-hydrate. The effect of some urinary species such as ammonium oxalate, calcium, citrate, proteins and trace elements were reported by the author. The kidney stone constituents along with trace minerals are grown in silica gel medium (SMS) which provides the necessary growth simulation (in-vivo). In the artificial urinary stone growth process, growth parameters within the different chemical environments were carried out and reported for several urinary crystals such as CaHP, SrHP, SrMHP, BaHP, BaMHP and MgHP. In the present investigation, BaSrCrMHP (Barium Strontium Chromium Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate) crystals are grown in different growth faces to attain the total nucleation reduction. Extension of this investigation, many characterization studies have been carried out and compared with reported results.