Optimal Evaluation of Coag-Flocculation Factors for Alum-Brewery Effluent System by Response Surface Methodology
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- 2 School of Built and Natural Environment, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, New Castel Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- 3 Centre for Environmental Management and Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria.
- 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- 5 Department of Food Science and Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Abstract
This work investigates coag-flocculation optimization treatment of alum-brewery effluent system via response surface methodology (RSM). To minimize suspended and dissolved particles (SDP), experiments were carried out using nephelometric jar test and 2 3 -factorial design with three star-points, six-center-points and two replications. A central composite design, which is the standard design of RSM, was used to evaluate the effects and interactions of three major factors (coagulation pH, coagulant dosage, settling time) on the treatment efficiency. Multivariable quadratic model developed for the response studied indicates the optimum conditions to be 9, 500mg/l and 20minutes for coagulation pH, coagulant dosage and settling time, respectively. At optimum, the SDP was reduced from 10831.490mg/l to 801.451mg/l, representing 92.601% removal efficiency. RSM has demonstrated to be appropriate approach for the optimization of the coag-flocculation process by statistical evaluation.
- Menkiti M.C. and Onukwuli O.D., 2010. Coag-flocculation studies of Moringa oleifera coagulant(MOC) in brewery effluent: Nephelometric approach. Journal of American Science. 6 (12), 788-806.
- Menkiti M.C., Onyechi C.A. and Onukwuli O.D.2011a.Evaluation of perikinetics compliance for the coag-flocculation of brewery effluent by Brachystegia eurycoma seed extract. International Journal of Multidisciplinary sciences and Engineering, 2(6), 73-80.
- Menkiti M.C.and Onukwuli.O.D.2011a. Response surface methodology and kinetics application to the optimization treatment of brewery waste water by Afzelia bella coag-flocculant: In Egboka.B.C and Odoh.B.I.(Eds), Water:Ecological disasters and sustainable development, Lambert Press, Germany, 92-107.
- Driessen W. and Vereijken T., 2003. Recent development in biological treatment of brewery effluent. Inst. and Guild of Brew. Africa Sect. –Proc. 9th Brewing Convention, Zambia. 165-171
- World Bank Group.1998. Pollution prevention and abatement handbook: Breweries. Environmental Department, Washington D.C. 272-274.
- Orhue E.R., Osaigbovo A.U. and Vwioko D.E., 2005. Growth of maize (Zea may L) and changes in some chemical properties of an ultisol amended with brewery effluent. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(9) :973-978.
- Ghafari S., Aziz H.A., Isa M.H. and Zinatizadeh A.K. 2009. Application of response surface methodology(RSM) to optimize coagulation-flocculation treatment of leachate using poly-aluminium chloride(PAC) and alum. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163,650-656.
- Duan J. and Gregory.J.2003. Coagulation by hydrolyzing metal salts. Advances in colloid interface science,(100-102), 475-502
- Menkiti M.C. and Onukwuli O.D., 2011b. Single and multi angle nephelometric approach to the study of coag-flocculation of coal effluent medium using Brachystegia eurycoma coagulant. World Journal of Engineerig, 8(1): 61-76.
- Menkiti M.C. and Onukwuli O.D., 2011c. Coag-flocculation of Mucuna seed coag-flocculant(MSC) in coal washery effluent(CWE) using light scattering effects. AICHE Journal. 57 (5) DOI: 10.1002/aic.12665.
- Menkiti M.C. and Onukwuli O.D., 2011d. Coag-flocculation studies of Afzelia bella coagulant (ABC) in coal effluent using single and simulated multi angle nephelometry. Journal of Mineral and Material Characterisation and Engineering. 10 (3), 279-298.
- Oladoja A.N. and Aliu Y.D., 2009. Snail shell as coagulant aid in the alum precipitation of malachite green from aqua system. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 164 (2-3), 1496-1502.