Characterization and Modification of a Clay Mineral Used in Adsorption Tests — Oak Academic Publishing
Research ArticleOpen AccessGoogle Scholar indexed
Characterization and Modification of a Clay Mineral Used in Adsorption Tests
Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Post-Graduate Program, Department of Hydraulics and Sani-tation, Parana Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
,
Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Post-Graduate Program, Department of Hydraulics and Sani-tation, Parana Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
,
Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Post-Graduate Program, Department of Hydraulics and Sani-tation, Parana Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
1 Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Post-Graduate Program, Department of Hydraulics and Sani-tation, Parana Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
2 Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Post-Graduate Program, Department of Hydraulics and Sani-tation, Parana Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
3 Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Post-Graduate Program, Department of Hydraulics and Sani-tation, Parana Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
Clay minerals are widespread in natural systems and have been widely used for the removal of pollutants. In this study, natural expanded vermiculite was used in adsorption tests to remove ammonium nitrogen from landfill leachate. The modification of vermiculite was carried out using NaOH and HCl, and for both modifications the best concentration was 0.1 mol/L. The results produced by XRD (X-ray diffraction) showed that Al replaced K after modification of the vermiculite using HCl and that Mg and Na replaced K after modification using NaOH. It was observed that the adsorption capacity increased as the percentage in mass of K diminished. The Langmuir is the isotherm that presents the best fit of the data, and the values of RL (the Langmuir coefficient) suggest that the adsorption is linear. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the process is spontaneous and endothermic, that there is a high affinity between the adsorbate and the adsorbent, and that physical adsorption is prevalent.
Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F.L. and Stensel, H.D. (2003) Adsorption. In: Metcalf & Eddy Inc., Ed., Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1138-1162.
Walker, G.F. (1975) Soil Components: Inorganic Components. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Minerals Zone: World Mineral Exchange (2014) Vermiculite. http://www.mineralszone.com/minerals/vermiculite.html
Ugarte, J.O. Sampaio, J.A. and França, S.C.A. (2005) Rochas e minerais industriais: usos e especificações. Centro de Tecnologia Mineral, Rio de Janeiro. (In Portuguese)
Ralf, J. (2014) Vermiculite. http://www.mindat.org/min-4170.html
Web Mineral (2014) Vermiculite. http://www.mindat.org/min-4170.html
The Vermiculite Association (2014) Vermiculite Data. http://webmineral.com/data/Vermiculite.shtml#.VXC1089VhBc
Dupré Minerals (2014) What Is Vermiculite? http://www.dupreminerals.com/en/vermiculite/introduction
How Products Are Made (2014) Vermiculite. Volume 6. http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Vermiculite.html
Dolcater, D.L., Jackson, M.L. and Syers, J.K. (1972) Cation-Exchange Selectivity in Mica and Vermiculite. American Mineralogist, 57, 1823-1831.
Ziper, C., Komarneni, S. and Baker, D.E. (1988) Specific Cadmium Sorption in Relation to the Crystal Chemistry of Clay Minerals. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52, 49-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200010009x
Foscolos, A.E. (1968) Cation-Exchange Equilibrium Constants of Aluminium-Saturated Montmorillonite and Vermiculite Clays. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 32, 350-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1968.03615995003200030026x
Abollino, O., Giacomino, A., Malandrino, M. and Mentasti, E. (2008) Interaction of Metal Ions with Montmorillonite and Vermiculite. Applied Clay Science, 38, 227-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2007.04.002
Barshad, I. (1954) Cation Exchange in Micaceous Minerals II: Replaceability of Ammonium and Potassium Vermiculite, Biotite and Montmorillonite. Soil Science, 78, 57-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-195407000-00007
Reinholdt, M.X., Hubert, F., Faurel, M., Tertre, E., Razafitianamaharavo, A., Francius, G., Prêt, D., Petit, S., Béré, E., Pelletier, M. and Ferrage, E. (2013) Morphological Properties of Vermiculite Particles in Size-Selected Fractions Obtained by Sonication. Applied Clay Science, 77-78, 18-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2013.03.013
Froehner, S., Machado, K.S. and Falcão, F. (2010) Adsorption of Dibenzothiophene by Vermiculite in Hydrophobic Form, Impregnated with Copper Ions and in Natural Form. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 209, 357-363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0204-8
Xu, C.G., Ning, G.Q., Zhu, X., Wang, G., Liu, X.F., Gao, J.S., Zhang, Q., Qian, W.Z. and Wei, F. (2013) Synthesis of Praphene from Asphaltene Molecules Adsorbed on Vermiculite Layers. Carbon, 62, 213-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.05.059
El-Bayaa, A.A., Badawy, N.A. and Abdalkhalik, E. (2009) Effect of Ionic Strength on the Adsorption of Cooper and Chromium Ions by Vermiculite Pure Clay Mineral. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 170, 1204-1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.100
Liu, Y., Zheng, Y. and Wang, A.Q. (2010) Enhaced Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/vermiculite Hydrogel Composites. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 22, 486-493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60134-0
Katsou, E., Malamis, S. and Haralambous, K.J. (2011) Industrial Wastewater Pre-Treatment for Heavy Metal Reduction by Employing a Sorbent-Assisted Ultrafiltration System. Chemosphere, 82, 557-564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.022
Chen, Q.Q., Wu., P.X., Dang, Z., Zhu, N.W., Li, P., Wu, J.H. and Wang, X.D. (2010) Iron Pillared Vermiculite as a Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye Reactive Brilliant Orange X-GN. Separation and Purification Technology, 71, 315-323.
Hango, T., Yoshino, S., Yamazaki, A., Yamazaki, A. and Satokawa, S. (2012) Mechanochemical Treatment of Vermiculite in Vibration Milling and Its Effect on Lead (II) Adsorption Ability. Applied Clay Science, 70, 74-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2012.09.016
Temuujin, J., Okada, K. and Okada, K.J.D. (2003) Preparation of Porous Silica from Vermiculite by Selective Leaching. Applied Clay Science, 22, 187-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(02)00158-8
Cristiano, D.V., Campos, A.M. and Molina, R. (2005) Charge Reduction in a Vermiculite by Acid and Hydrothermal Methods: A Comparative Study. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 109, 19026-19033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp044437v
Okada, K., Arimitsu, N., Kameshima, Y., Nakajima, A. and Mackenzie, M.J.D. (2005) Preparation of Porous Silica from Chlorite by Selective Acid Leaching. Applied Clay Science, 30, 116-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2005.04.001
Abate, G., Santos, L.B.O., Colombo, S.M. and Masini, J.C. (2006) Removal of Fulvic Acid from Aqueous Media by Adsorption onto Modified Vermiculite. Applied Clay Science, 32, 261-270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2006.02.004
Okada, K., Arimitsu, N., Kameshima, Y., Nakajima, A. and Machenzie, K.J.D. (2006) Solid Acidity of 2:1 Type Clay Minerals Activated by Selective Leaching. Applied Clay Science, 31, 185-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2005.10.014
Nguyen, A.N., Reinert, L., Lévêque, J.M., Beziat, A., Dehaudt, P., Juliaa, J.F. and Duclaux, L. (2013) Preparation and Characterization of Micron and Submicron-Sized Vermiculite Powders by Ultrasonic Irradiation. Applied Clay Science, 72, 9-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2012.12.007
Zhang, H.L., Xu, H.B., Wang, X.L. and Yu, J.Y. (2013) Microestructures and Thermal Aging Mechanism of Expanded Vermiculite Modified Bitumen. Construction and Building Materials, 47, 919-926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.099
Yang, X.Y. and Al-Duri, B. (2005) Kinetic Modeling of Liquid-Phase Adsorption of Reactive Dyes on Activated Carbon. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 287, 25-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.01.093
Chand, P., Shil, A.K., Sharma, M. and Pakade, Y.B. (2014) Improved Adsorption of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Chemically Modified Apple Pomace: Mechanism, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 90, 8-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.10.028
Panuccio, M.R., Sorgonà, A., Rizzo, M. and Cacco, G. (2009) Cadmium Adsorption on Vermiculite, Zeolite and Pumice: Bath Experimental Studies. Journal of Environmental Management, 90, 364-374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.10.005
Castilla, C.M. (2004) Adsorption of Organic Molecules from Aqueous Solutions on Carbon Materials. Carbon, 42, 83-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2003.09.022
Varshney, K.G., Gupta, A. and Singhal, K.C. (1995) The Adsorption of Carbofuran on the Surface of Antimony (v) Arsenosilicate: A Thermodynamic Study. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 104, 7-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-7757(95)03258-F
Srivastava, V.C., Swamy, M.M., Mall, I.D., Prasad, B. and Mishra, I.M. (2006) Adsorptive Removal of Phenol by Bagasse Fly Ash and Activated Carbon: Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamics. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 272, 89-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.07.016
Rajoriya, R.K., Prasad, B., Mishra, I.M. and Wasewar, K.L. (2007) Adsorption of Benzaldehyde on Granular Activated Carbon: Kinetics, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic. Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, 21, 219-226.
Dabrowski, A. (2001) Adsorption—From Theory to Practice. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 93, 135-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8686(00)00082-8
APHA, AWWA and WEF (1998) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition, APHA, AWWA and WEF, Washington DC.
Lopez-Gonsalez, J. de D. and Cano-Ruiz, J. (1959) Surface Changes of Vermiculite by Acid and Thermal Treatment. Clays and Clay Minerals. In: Swineford, A., Ed., Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals, Monograph No. 2, Earth Science Series, Pergamon Press, London, 399-405.
Carter, D.L., Haward, M.E. and Young, J.L. (1963) Variation in Exchangeable K and Relation to Intergrade Layer Silicate Minerals. Proceedings Soil Science Society of America, 27, 27-283.
Raman, K.V. and Jackson, M.L. (1964) Vermiculite Surface Morphology. Clays and Clay Minerals, 12, 423-429.
Karadag, D., Tok, S., Akgul, E., Turan, M., Ozturk, M. and Demir, A. (2008) Ammonium Removal from Sanitary Landfill Leachate Using Natural Gördesclinoptilolite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153, 60-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.019
Islam, M. and Patel, R. (2010) Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Zn/Al Chloride Layered Double Hydroxide and Evaluation of Its Nitrate Removal Efficiency. Desalination, 256, 120-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.02.003
Tu, Y.J., You, C.F. and Chang, C.K. (2012) Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Adsorption for Cd on Green Manufactured Nano-Particles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 235-236, 116-122.
Chen, Y.-C. and Lu, C. (2014) Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Regeneration of Molybdenum Adsorption in Aqueous Solutions with NaOCl-Oxidized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20, 2521-2527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.10.035
Liu, W., Yin, P., Liu, X.G., Dong, X.Q., Zhang, J. and Xu, Q. (2013) Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Isotherms Studies for Gold (III) Adsorption Using Silica Functionalized by Diethylenetriamine-Methylene-Phosphonic Acid. Chemical Engineering Research and Desing, 91, 2748-2758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2013.05.003
Alshameri, A., Ibrahim, A., Assabri, A.M., Lei, X.R., Wang, H.Q. and Yan, C.J. (2014) The Investigation into the Ammonium Removal Performance of Yemeni Natural Zeolite: Modification, Ion Exchange Mechanism, and Thermodynamics. Powder Technology, 258, 20-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2014.02.063
Yang, J.B., Yu, M.Q. and Qiu, T. (2014) Adsorption Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Cr (VI) on KlP210 Resin. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20, 480-486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.05.005
Yu, Y., Zhuang, Y.-Y. and Wang, Z.-H. (2001) Adsorption of Water-Soluble Dye onto Functionalized Resin. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 242, 288-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7780