Preparation of Zn<sup>2+</sup>-Chelated Carboxymethyl Poly(1-Vinylimidazole) for Intracellular Zn<sup>2+</sup> Delivery
- 1 Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- 2 Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
Abstract
Zinc ions ( Zn 2+ ), known to be a novel intracellular second messenger related to various biological functions, have been delivered inside cells. For the intracellular Zn 2+ delivery, Zn 2+ has been chelated to carboxymethyl poly(1-vinylimidazole) (CM-PVIm) by mixing zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) or zinc acetate (Zn(OAc) 2 ) with CM-PVIm. The resulting Zn 2+ -chelated CM-PVIm, that is, Zn 2+ /CM-PVIm complex by mixing ZnCl 2 exhibited smaller particle size below 10 nm and possessed larger amount of Zn 2+ ions, as compared to the Zn 2+ /CM-PVIm by mixing Zn(OAc) 2 . The both Zn 2+ /CM-PVIm complexes exhibited no significant cytotoxicity, leading to intracellular Zn 2+ delivery. The Zn 2+ /CM-PVIm by mixing ZnCl 2 delivered larger amount of intracellular Zn 2+ ions than that by mixing Zn(OAc) 2 . These results suggest that the optimal Zn 2+ /CM-PVIm complex is a useful tool for intracellular Zn 2+ delivery to control various biological functions.
- Yamasaki, S., Sakata-Sogawa, K., Hasegawa, A., Suzuki, T., Kabu, K., Sato, E., Kurosaki, T., Yamashita, S., Tokunaga, M., Nishida, K. and Hirano, T. (2007) Zinc is a Novel Intracellular Second Messenger. The Journal of Cell Biology, 177, 637-645. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200702081
- Baltaci, A.K. and Yuce K. (2018) Zinc Transporter Proteins. Neurochemical Research, 43, 517-530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-017-2454-y
- Hojyo, S. and Fukuda, T. (2016) Zinc Transporters and Signalling in Physiology and Pathogenesis. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 611, 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2016.06.020
- Bird, A.J., McCall, K., Kramer, M., Blankman, E., Winge, D.R. and Eide, D.J. (2003) Zinc Fingers Can Act as Zn2+ Sensors to Regulate Transcriptional Activation Domain Function. The EMBO Journal, 22, 5137-5146. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdg484
- Fierke, C.A. and Thompson, R.B. (2001) Fluorescence-Based Biosensing of Zinc Using Carbonic Anhydrase. Biometals, 14, 205-222. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012980628412
- Michael, S.F., Kilfoil, V.J., Schmidt, M.H., Amann, B.T. and Berg, J.M. (1992) Metal Binding and Folding Properties of a Minimalist Cys2His2 Zinc Finger Peptide. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 89, 4796-4800. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.11.4796
- Castelletto, V., Hamley, I.W., Segarra-Maset, M.D., Gumbau, C.B., Miravet, J.F., Escuder, B., Seitsonen, J. and Ruokolainen, J. (2014) Tuning Chelation by the Surfactant-Like Peptide A6H Using Predetermined pH Values. Biomacromolecules, 15, 591-598. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm401640j
- Srivastava, A., Holten-Andersen, N., Stucky, G.D. and Waite, J.H. (2008) Ragworm Jaw-Inspired Metal Ion Cross-Linking for Improved Mechanical Properties of Polymer Blends. Biomacromolecules, 9, 2873-2880. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm8006659
- Potpcki, S., Valensin, D., Camponeschi, F. and Kozlowski, H. (2013) The Extracellular Loop of IRT1 ZIP Protein—The Chosen One for Zinc? Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 127, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.05.003
- Asayama, S., Seno, K. and Kawakami, H. (2013) Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Poly(1-Vinyl-Imidazole) as a Polyampholyte for Biocompatibility. Chemistry Letters, 42, 358-360. https://doi.org/10.1246/cl.121263
- Swami, A., Aggarwal, A., Pathak, A., Patnaik, S., Kumar, P., Singh, Y. and Gupta, K.C. (2007) Imidazolyl-PEI Modified Nanoparticles for Enhanced Gene Delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 335, 180-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.033