The Physico-Chemical Characterization of Mesoporous Sulfated Zirconia Nanoparticles Prepared under Structure-Directing-Free for <i>n</i>-Hexane Isomerization — Oak Academic Publishing
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The Physico-Chemical Characterization of Mesoporous Sulfated Zirconia Nanoparticles Prepared under Structure-Directing-Free for <i>n</i>-Hexane Isomerization
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
2 College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
3 Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
This article describes the physico-chemical characterization of the sulfated zirconia catalysts prepared from zirconyl chloride, acetic acid and ammonium persulfate system under structure-directing-free and calcined at 650 ° C. The catalysts were characterized via an array of characterization techniques such as surface acidity and texture measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric measurement (TG) coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and/or mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It is clear from TG-MS, ICP-AES, and IR analyses that the precursor of the catalyst is a sulphur species-doped zirconium oxy-hydroxyl acetate complex. The presence of zirconium-bound sulfate groups results in the superacidity of the catalyst and hence high activity in n -hexane isomerization. It is shown from nitrogen adsorption and desorption, FESEM, and HRTEM measurements that the materials exhibit mesoporous and nanocrystalline structure.
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